赫伯特·赫尼曼(Herbert G. Heneman Ⅲ),美国威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校商学院管理与人力资源系的Dickson-Bascom荣誉退休教授,同时也是威斯康星教育研究中心的资深研究人员。赫伯特还是华盛顿大学和佛罗里达大学的访问教授,也是俄亥俄州立大学的杰出访问教授。他的研究领域包括人员配置、绩效管理、薪酬和工作动机等,目前正在进行教师绩效管理与薪酬系统的设计与有效性的调查研究。赫伯特是美国人力资源管理基金会协会的理事会成员兼协会的研究主任。他也是美国管理学会人力资源分会职业成就奖的获得者。
蒂莫西·贾奇(Timothy A. Judge),美国圣母大学门多萨商学院管理系Franklin D. Schurz讲座教授。在伊利诺伊大学获得博士学位,之前曾是Kohl’s百货公司的一名经理。曾执教于美国康奈尔大学、艾奥瓦大学和佛罗里达大学。教学与研究兴趣在人格、领导与影响行为、人员配置与工作态度等领域。《应用心理学》、《人事心理学》、《人力资源管理评论》等学术期刊编审委员会的成员。
约翰·卡迈尔–米勒(John D. Kammeyer-Mueller),美国佛罗里达大学Warrington商学院管理系副教授,在明尼苏达大学获得博士学位。主要研究兴趣包括组织社会化与员工调适、人格与压力过程、长期研究方法等。为本科生、研究生、博士生讲授与组织人员配置相关的课程。
【目录】
Co ntents Part One The Nature of Staffing 3 Chapt er One Staffing Models and Strategy 5 Learning Objectives and Introduction 6 Learning Objectives 6 Introduction 6 The Nature of Staffing 7 The Big Picture 7 Definition of Staffing 8 Implications of Definition 8 Staffing System Examples 12 Staffing Models 14 Staffing Quantity: Levels 14 Staffing Quality: Person/Job Match 15 Staffing Quality: Person/Organization Match 17 Staffing System Components 19 Staffing Organizations 21 Staffing Strategy 25 Staffing Levels 25 Staffing Quality 30 Staffing Ethics 31 Plan for the Book 34 Summary 35 Discussion Questions 36 Ethical Issues 37 Applications 37 Staffing for Your Own Job 37 Staffing Strategy for a New Plant 38 Tanglewood Stores Case 40 The Situation 40 Your Tasks 40 Endnotes 40 Part Two Support Activities 43 Chapt er Two Legal Compliance 45 Learning Objectives and Introduction 47 Learning Objectives 47 Introduction 47 The Employment Relationship 48 Employer–Employee 48 Independent Contractors 50 Temporary Employees 50 Laws and Regulations 51 Need for Laws and Regulations 52 Sources of Laws and Regulations 53 EEO/AA Laws: General Provisions and Enforcement 54 General Provisions 55 hen12680_FM_i-xviii.indd 11 3/30/11 9:22 AM xii Contents Enforcement: EEOC 57 Enforcement: OFCCP 64 EEO/AA Laws: Specific Staffing Provisions 64 Civil Rights Acts (1964, 1991) 64 Age Discrimination in Employment Act (1967) 67 Americans With Disabilities Act (1990, 2008) 68 Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (2008) 72 Rehabilitation Act (1973) 72 Executive Order 11246 (1965) 73 Other Staffing Laws 73 Federal Laws 73 State and Local Laws 76 Civil Service Laws and Regulations 77 Legal Issues in Remainder of Book 78 Summary 80 Discussion Questions 80 Ethical Issues 81 Applications 81 Age Discrimination in a Promotion? 81 Disparate Impact: What Do the Statistics Mean? 83 Endnotes 83 Chapt er Thre e Planning 85 Learning Objectives and Introduction 87 Learning Objectives 87 Introduction 87 External Influences 88 Economic Conditions 88 Labor Markets 89 Technology 94 Labor Unions 95 Human Resource Planning 95 Process and Example 95 Initial Decisions 98 Forecasting HR Requirements 100 Forecasting HR Availabilities 103 Reconciliation and Gaps 112 Staffing Planning 114 Staffing Planning Process 114 Core Workforce 117 Flexible Workforce 120 Outsourcing 123 Diversity Planning 125 Demography of the American Workforce 125 Business Case for Diversity 126 Planning for Diversity 127 Legal Issues 128 Affirmative Action Plans 128 Legality of AAPs and Diversity Programs 133 EEO and Temporary Workers 136 Summary 136 Discussion Questions 137 Ethical Issues 138 Applications 138 Markov Analysis and Forecasting 138 Deciding Whether to Use Flexible Staffing 139 Tanglewood Stores Case 141 The Situation 141 Your Tasks 141 Endnotes 141 Chapt er Four Job Analysis and Rewards 145 Learning Objectives and Introduction 146 Learning Objectives 146 Introduction 146 Changing Nature of Jobs 147 Job Requirements Job Analysis 149 Overview 149 Job Requirements Matrix 150 Job Descriptions and Job Specifications 162 Collecting Job Requirements Information 164 hen12680_FM_i-xviii.indd 12 3/30/11 9:22 AM Contents xiii Competency-Based Job Analysis 174 Nature of Competencies 174 Collecting Competency Information 178 Job Rewards 179 Types of Rewards 180 Employee Value Proposition 180 Collecting Job Rewards Information 181 Job Analysis for Teams 187 Legal Issues 188 Job Relatedness and Court Cases 188 Essential Job Functions 189 Summary 193 Discussion Questions 194 Ethical Issues 194 Applications 194 Conducting a Job Requirements or Job Rewards Job Analysis 194 Maintaining Job Descriptions 195 Endnotes 196 Part Thre e Staffing Activities: Recruitment 201 Chapt er F ive External Recruitment 203 Learning Objectives and Introduction 205 Learning Objectives 205 Introduction 205 Recruitment Planning 206 Organizational Issues 206 Administrative Issues 207 Recruiters 214 Strategy Development 215 Open Versus Targeted Recruitment 215 Recruitment Sources 217 Recruiting Metrics 233 Searching 237 Communication Message 237 Communication Medium 242 Applicant Reactions 248 Reactions to Recruiters 249 Reactions to the Recruitment Process 249 Reactions to Diversity Issues 250 Transition to Selection 251 Legal Issues 252 Definition of a Job Applicant 252 Affirmative Action Programs 254 Electronic Recruitment 255 Job Advertisements 257 Fraud and Misrepresentation 257 Summary 258 Discussion Questions 259 Ethical Issues 259 Applications 260 Improving a College Recruitment Program 260 Internet Recruiting 262 Tanglewood Stores Case 263 The Situation 263 Your Tasks 263 Endnotes 264 Chapt er S ix Internal Recruitment 271 Learning Objectives and Introduction 272 Learning Objectives 272 Introduction 272 Recruitment Planning 273 Organizational Issues 273 Administrative Issues 278 Timing 279 Strategy Development 281 Closed, Open, and Hybrid Recruitment 281 Recruitment Sources 285 Recruiting Metrics 292 Communication Message and Medium 294 Communication Message 294 Communication Medium 295 Applicant Reactions 296 Transition to Selection 296 hen12680_FM_i-xviii.indd 13 3/30/11 9:22 AM xiv Contents Legal Issues 297 Affirmative Action Programs Regulations 297 Bona Fide Seniority Systems 298 The Glass Ceiling 299 Summary 303 Discussion Questions 304 Ethical Issues 305 Applications 305 Recruitment in a Changing Internal Labor Market 305 Succession Planning for a CEO 306 Endnotes 307 Part Four Staffing Activities: Selection 311 Chapt er S even Measurement 313 Learning Objectives and Introduction 315 Learning Objectives 315 Introduction 315 Importance and Use of Measures 316 Key Concepts 316 Measurement 317 Scores 320 Correlation Between Scores 323 Quality of Measures 327 Reliability of Measures 328 Validity of Measures 335 Validation of Measures in Staffing 337 Validity Generalization 346 Staffing Metrics and Benchmarks 348 Collection of Assessment Data 349 Testing Procedures 350 Acquisition of Tests and Test Manuals 351 Professional Standards 352 Legal Issues 353 Determining Adverse Impact 353 Standardization 355 Best Practices 356 Summary 357 Discussion Questions 358 Ethical Issues 358 Applications 359 Evaluation of Two New Assessment Methods for Selecting Telephone Customer Service Representatives 359 Conducting Empirical Validation and Adverse Impact Analysis 361 Tanglewood Stores Case I 364 The Situation 364 Your Tasks 364 Tanglewood Stores Case II 365 Adverse Impact 365 Endnotes 365 Chapt er Ei ght External Selection I 369 Learning Objectives and Introduction 370 Learning Objectives 370 Introduction 370 Preliminary Issues 370 The Logic of Prediction 371 The Nature of Predictors 373 Development of the Selection Plan 374 Selection Sequence 376 Initial Assessment Methods 377 Résumés and Cover Letters 377 Application Blanks 381 Biographical Information 388 Reference and Background Checks 392 Initial Interview 398 Choice of Initial Assessment Methods 400 Legal Issues 405 Disclaimers 405 Reference Checks 406 Background Checks: Credit and Criminal 406 Preemployment Inquiries 408 hen12680_FM_i-xviii.indd 14 3/30/11 9:22 AM Contents xv Bona Fide Occupational Qualifications 410 Summary 416 Discussion Questions 417 Ethical Issues 417 Applications 417 Reference Reports and Initial Assessment in a Start-Up Company 417 Developing a Lawful Application Blank 419 Endnotes 421 Chapt er Nin e External Selection II 425 Learning Objectives and Introduction 426 Learning Objectives 426 Introduction 426 Substantive Assessment Methods 427 Personality Tests 427 Ability Tests 434 Emotional Intelligence Tests 443 Performance Tests and Work Samples 445 Situational Judgment Tests 449 Integrity Tests 452 Interest, Values, and Preference Inventories 455 Structured Interview 457 Choice of Substantive Assessment Methods 468 Discretionary Assessment Methods 471 Contingent Assessment Methods 472 Drug Testing 472 Medical Exams 478 Legal Issues 479 Uniform Guidelines on Employee Selection Procedures 479 Selection Under the Americans With Disabilities Act 481 Drug Testing 485 Summary 486 Discussion Questions 487 Ethical Issues 487 Applications 487 Assessment Methods for the Job of Human Resources Director 487 Choosing Among Finalists for the Job of Human Resources Director 490 Tanglewood Stores Case 491 The Situation 491 Your Tasks 491 Endnotes 492 Chapt er T en Internal Selection 503 Learning Objectives and Introduction 505 Learning Objectives 505 Introduction 505 Preliminary Issues 506 The Logic of Prediction 506 Types of Predictors 507 Selection Plan 507 Initial Assessment Methods 508 Talent Management/Succession Systems 508 Peer Assessments 509 Self-Assessments 511 Managerial Sponsorship 512 Informal Discussions and Recommendations 513 Choice of Initial Assessment Methods 513 Substantive Assessment Methods 515 Seniority and Experience 515 Job Knowledge Tests 517 Performance Appraisal 518 Promotability Ratings 519 Assessment Centers 520 Interview Simulations 526 Promotion Panels and Review Boards 527 Choice of Substantive Assessment Methods 527 Discretionary Assessment Methods 529 hen12680_FM_i-xviii.indd 15 3/30/11 9:22 AM xvi Contents Legal Issues 529 Uniform Guidelines on Employee Selection Procedures 529 The Glass Ceiling 530 Summary 531 Discussion Questions 532 Ethical Issues 532 Applications 532 Changing a Promotion System 532 Promotion From Within at Citrus Glen 533 Endnotes 535 Part F ive Staffing Activities: Employment 539 Chapt er El even Decision Making 541 Learning Objectives and Introduction 543 Learning Objectives 543 Introduction 543 Choice of Assessment Method 544 Validity Coefficient 544 Face Validity 545 Correlation With Other Predictors 545 Adverse Impact 546 Utility 546 Determining Assessment Scores 551 Single Predictor 551 Multiple Predictors 551 Hiring Standards and Cut Scores 557 Description of the Process 557 Consequences of Cut Scores 558 Methods to Determine Cut Scores 559 Professional Guidelines 564 Methods of Final Choice 564 Random Selection 564 Ranking 565 Grouping 566 Ongoing Hiring 566 Decision Makers 566 Human Resource Professionals 566 Managers 567 Employees 568 Legal Issues 568 Uniform Guidelines on Employee Selection Procedures 568 Diversity and Hiring Decisions 569 Summary 571 Discussion Questions 572 Ethical Issues 572 Applications 572 Utility Concerns in Choosing an Assessment Method 572 Choosing Entrants Into a Management Training Program 573 Tanglewood Stores Case 574 The Situation 576 Your Tasks 576 Endnotes 576 Chapt er Twe lve Final Match 579 Learning Objectives and Introduction 581 Learning Objectives 581 Introduction 581 Employment Contracts 582 Requirements for an Enforceable Contract 582 Parties to the Contract 583 Form of the Contract 584 Disclaimers 586 Contingencies 587 Other Employment Contract Sources 588 Unfulfilled Promises 588 Job Offers 589 Strategic Approach to Job Offers 589 Job Offer Content 592 Job Offer Process 602 Formulation of the Job Offer 604 Presentation of the Job Offer 609 hen12680_FM_i-xviii.indd 16 3/30/11 9:22 AM Contents xvii Timing of the Offer 610 Job Offer Acceptance and Rejection 611 Reneging 612 New Employee Orientation and Socialization 613 Orientation 614 Socialization 617 Examples of Programs 619 Legal Issues 620 Employment Eligibility Verification 620 Negligent Hiring 621 Employment-at-Will 622 Summary 622 Discussion Questions 623 Ethical Issues 624 Applications 624 Making a Job Offer 624 Evaluating a Hiring and Variable Pay Plan 626 Endnotes 627 Part S ix Staffing System and Retention Management 633 Chapt er Thirt e en Staffing System Management 635 Learning Objectives and Introduction 636 Learning Objectives 636 Introduction 636 Administration of Staffing Systems 637 Organizational Arrangements 637 Jobs in Staffing 641 Policies and Procedures 644 Human Resource Information Systems 648 Outsourcing 651 Evaluation of Staffing Systems 655 Staffing Process 655 Staffing Process Results 658 Calculating Staffing Metrics 663 Customer Satisfaction 664 Legal Issues 665 Record Keeping and Privacy 665 EEO Report 670 Legal Audits 670 Training for Managers and Employees 670 Dispute Resolution 672 Summary 674 Discussion Questions 675 Ethical Issues 675 Applications 676 Learning About Jobs in Staffing 676 Evaluating Staffing Process Results 676 Endnotes 678 Chapt er Fourt e en Retention Management 681 Learning Objectives and Introduction 683 Learning Objectives 683 Introduction 683 Turnover and Its Causes 684 Nature of the Problem 684 Types of Turnover 685 Causes of Turnover 687 Analysis of Turnover 689 Measurement 690 Reasons for Leaving 691 Costs and Benefits 694 Retention Initiatives: Voluntary Turnover 702 Current Practices and Deciding to Act 702 Desirability of Leaving 709 Ease of Leaving 715 Alternatives 716 Retention Initiatives: Discharge 717 Performance Management 717 Progressive Discipline 721 Retention Initiatives: Downsizing 723 Weighing Advantages and Disadvantages 723 hen12680_FM_i-xviii.indd 17 3/30/11 9:22 AM xviii Contents Staffing Levels and Quality 724 Alternatives to Downsizing 725 Employees Who Remain 725 Legal Issues 727 Separation Laws and Regulations 727 Performance Appraisal 728 Summary 728 Discussion Questions 730 Ethical Issues 730 Applications 731 Managerial Turnover: A Problem? 731 Retention: Deciding to Act 732 Tanglewood Stores Case 734 The Situation 734 Your Tasks 735 Endnotes 735
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