This book is about the usurpation of reason ' s functions by wishes . Two kinds of case are examined in depth ; in one a wish biases the process of rational belief - formation and in the other it biases the process of rational deliberation and action . There is an approximate correspondence between the first kind of distortion and self - deception , and between the second and lack of self - control . The inquiry steers a course between psychology and philosophy . Philosophers usually start from the paradoxes of irrationality : how can anyone knowingly act against his own better judgement ? Psychologists usually start from the fact that people certainly often appear to do both these things . The two kinds of irrationality work together when someone biases his beliefs in order to make it easier for himself to succumb to a temptation . In the analysis of such cases and of ordinary cases of wishful thinking with no action in prospect , use is made of recent work by cognitive psychologists , and especially of their distinction between the wishful causation of irrationality not attributable to incompetence and its causation by cold factors . The usual solution to the paradox of irrational belief - formation is to suggest thot the person is divided against himself . Freud way of dividing a person into different sub - systems is examined at length and something is said about Sartre ' s well - known criticism of it . It is contrasted with theories , like Davidson ' s , which set up the different systems on a functional basis . The paradox of irrational action , first discussed in our tradition by Socrates , introduces the possibility that the fault might occur not within the agent ' s process of thought , but between it and his action . continued on back flap
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Essays on Actions and Events Donald Davidson Also available in paperback ' This is one of the most impressive works of analytical philosophy to appear for a good many years .' P . F . Strawson in The Times Literary Supplement ' The book is an absolutely admirable one . Struggle and learn .' Moral Thinking R . M . Hare Also available in paperback ' It must be studied carefully by anyone who regards himself as interested in the philosophy of morals , who will be both pleased and perplexed by many acute and perceptive arguments along the way .' A . Phillips Griffiths in Political Studies The Claim of Reason Wittgenstein , Skepticism , Morality , and Tragedy Stanley Cavell Also available in paperback ' Stanley Cavell ... possesses the rawbuty to present Wittgenstein ' s thought in a manner that is philosopardy accurate while making an immediate imaginative impact ... Cavel ' s readings of Wittgenstein are invariably attentive , unusually imaginative , and commonly convincing .' Anthony Kenny in The Times Literary Supplement An Essay on Free Will Peter van Inwagen Free Will Edited by Gary Watson Oxford Readings in Philosophy , Paperback O . U . P .£14·95 NET ISBN 0198246625
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