内容摘要 Hegel’s 1807 Phenomenology of Spirit is renowned for being one of the most challenging and important books in Western philosophy. Above all, it is famous for laying out a new approach to reasoning and philosophical argument, an approach that has been credited with influencing Karl Marx, Jean-Paul Sartre, and many other key modern philosophers. That approach is the so-called “Hegelian dialectic” – an open-ended sequence of reasoning and argument in which contradictory concepts generate and are incorporated into a third, more sophisticated concept. While the Phenomenology does not always clearly use this dialectical method – and it is famously one of the most difficult works of philosophy ever written – the Hegelian dialectic provides a perfect template for critical thinking reasoning skills. A hallmark of good reasoning in the construction of an argument, and the searching out of answers must necessarily consider contradictory viewpoints or evidence. For Hegel, contradiction is key: it is precisely what allows reasoning to progress. Only by incorporating and overcoming contradictions, according to his method, is it possible for thought to progress at all. While writing like Hegel might not be advisable, thinking like him can help take your reasoning to the next level.黑格尔 1807 年出版的《精神现象学》被誉为西方哲学中*具挑战性和*重要的著作之一。*重要的是,它因提出了一种新的推理和哲学论证方法而闻名,这种方法被认为影响了卡尔·马克思、让·保罗·萨特和许多其他重要的现代哲学家。这种方法就是所谓的“黑格尔辩证法”——一种开放式的推理和论证序列,其中矛盾的概念产生并被纳入第三个更复杂的概念。虽然《现象学》并不总是明确使用这种辩证方法——而且众所周知,它是有史以来*困难的哲学著作之一——但黑格尔辩证法为批判性思维推理技能提供了完美的模板。构建论证和寻找答案时良好推理的标志必须考虑相互矛盾的观点或证据。对于黑格尔来说,矛盾是关键:正是它使推理得以进步。按照他的方法,只有整合并克服矛盾,思想才有可能取得进步。虽然像黑格尔那样写作可能并不可取,但像他一样思考可以帮助你将推理提升到一个新的水平。
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