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库存11件
作者[英国] 威廉?莎士比亚 著
出版社译林出版社
ISBN9787544768382
出版时间2017-05
装帧平装
开本16开
定价45元
货号25110521
上书时间2024-12-25
在意大利维罗纳城,蒙太古和凯普莱特两大家族结下世仇,但两家的儿女罗密欧和朱丽叶却相爱了。由于家族的争斗,罗密欧杀死了朱丽叶的堂兄提尔伯特,遭到流放,朱丽叶被家长另嫁他人。两人计划一起逃亡,但却误得消息,*终先后殉情而亡。
CONTENTS
List
of Illustrations
Introduction
The
Romeo and Juliet Narrative before Shakespeare
Myth
Novella
‘Romeo
and Juliet’: The Play
Love,
Death, and Adolescence
Patriarchy
Style
and Genre
(a)
Rhetoric
(b)
Tragedy, Comedy, Sonnet
Performance
History
Initial
Staging
Restoration
to the Late Twentieth Century
Date(s)
The
Mobile Text
Quarto
1 (1597)
Quarto
2 (1599) and its Derivatives
Quarto
1 and Quarto 2: Provenance
Editorial
Procedures
Abbreviations
and References
THE
MOST EXCELLENT AND LAMENTABLE
TRAGEDY
OF ROMEO AND JULIET
AN
EXCELLENT CONCEITED TRAGEDY OF
ROMEO
AND JULIET (q1)
Index
在意大利维罗纳城,蒙太古和凯普莱特两大家族结下世仇,但两家的儿女罗密欧和朱丽叶却相爱了。由于家族的争斗,罗密欧杀死了朱丽叶的堂兄提尔伯特,遭到流放,朱丽叶被家长另嫁他人。两人计划一起逃亡,但却误得消息,*终先后殉情而亡。
INTRODUCTION
The Romeo andJuliet Narrative before Shakespeare
Inan age of virtual realities Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet can seem like ahologram. From one angle it appears to dramatize a love-story which transcendstime and place. The youthful passion it enacts may cease like lightning, but itreflects an absolute, an ideal of sexual love expressed in the play’s mostlyrical verse. From another angle the tragedy enacts a love-story shaped by thesocial and literary conventions of late sixteenth-century England. These givethe narrative a political edge and historicity, moderating its idealism. Sincethe advent of modern psychology a third angle allows for a differentconstruction formulated on change rather than absolutes. From this point of viewShakespeare traces a paradigm of adolescent behaviour.
Theseperspectives, one by one or in combination, reveal a complex and evencontradictory play. With little adjustment they reveal similar complexities inthe popular ?ction enacted by the play. Pre-existing novellas which transmittedthe Romeo and Juliet story incorporate elements of myth and romance intonarratives of a different kind. A new genre, they depended on a rhetoricaltradition that promoted not only invention and variety but verisimilitude.
Shakespeare’swell-known alterations—telescoping events and coincidence, elaborating characters,heightening rhetoric—enhance the heterogeneous design, calling attention to theinconsistencies which form the narrative, the coexistence of the timeless andthe timely.
Asa result, the design of the ?ction has determined the play’s effect indifferent periods and cultures. It originated in archetypes which probablyaccount for the emotional impact of Shakespeare’s tragedy and its derivativesin media such as music and drama. It adapted to changing historical circumstances—sixteenth-centuryItalian city states, Elizabethan England, America in the 1950s—and mirrored theworld of each audience with varying degrees of realism. Its literature was at?rst self-consciously rhetorical, attempting to win readers and achievecredibility. Once it became familiar in the sixteenth century, any artist couldplay on expectation by altering its prototypes. Shakespeare was the ?rst to modifynot only events and characters but style, creating a version which would becomethe model for those to follow. In the process he left traces of his strategy.Recovering the ?ction will therefore permit a glimpse of the artist at work.
Myth.The primary source of the Romeo and Juliet ?ction is myth, the early narratives‘obscure in origin, protean in form and ambiguous in meaning’. Despite this amorphousness,mythical narratives share certain features which help to de?ne them. They are simple,bold, and symbolical, epitomizing a vast number of analogous stories.
Theydeal in ideas or desires which are timeless, ‘ordering . . . human experience at a level . . .wider, deeper, and more permanent than the rationalized scene and the literalfacts of the moment’. According to Northrop Frye, ‘myth is the imitation ofactions near or at the conceivable limits of desire’, in a space where thehuman encounters the divine.
Theremay have been half a dozen myths that governed all the rest, narrativesconcerned with rites of passage in this world and upheavals among the gods.
Whatevershape they took, these stories became the matrix of literature.
Wagnergave the name Liebestod to the myth which informs the ?ction of Romeo andJuliet. Although the meaning of this term shifts—love-in-death, death-in-love,love’s death—it refers to a speci?c narrative format and psychological event.Two young lovers face insurmountable obstacles; they encounter the obstacles withde?ance and secret plans, but their resistance fails because of accident ormisjudgement; ?nally both die for love.
Bylinking passion with death the Liebestod myth sets the limits of desire at thehighly charged point where lovers feel they have transcended ordinary humanexperience, driven to union which means dissolution of self, a permanent metamorphosis.Paradox dominates a narrative in which the compulsion to love is a compulsionto die, and death is the price for an absolute. In this psychological con?gurationsuffering becomes aphrodisiac and passion is brief.
Betweenantiquity and the Middle Ages the Liebestod myth took shape not only infolklore but in literature. A range of storytellers from the anonymous to Ovidand Malory related the misadventures of Hero and Leander, Pyramus and Thisbe,Tristan and Isolde. In their variety the stories qualify Denis de Rougemont’s viewthat the myth descended into ‘profane’ life from the thirteenth century: theyquickly became particularized through their settings and obstacles; themedieval versions immediately absorbed the conventions of chivalry. During theearly Christian era components of the myth circulated through Greek romance, notablythe separation plots and character types such as young lovers and opposingparents. Romance included other elements which would attach themselves to the Romeoand Juliet legend, specifically the sleeping potion and premature burial.Whether they transmitted the myth whole or piecemeal, all of the literary versionswere rhetorical to different degrees of sophistication.
IfLiebestod is the keynote, other myths resonate with the Romeo and Julietlegend. For instance, Marjorie Garber has identi?ed correspondences with thestory of Cupid and Psyche, which also connects marriage and death: the love-relationshiptakes place in a surround of darkness; a young woman becomes free of paternal control;she undergoes a series of trials which mark her progress to maturity.
Typicallyboth of these myths centre on rites of passage, those crucial advances in anindividual life from one biological or social condition to another. The mostwidely accepted description of such rites enumerates three phases: separationfrom the old state, transition between old and new, incorporation into the new.During the middle phase initiates hover in liminality, a period of suspensionor ambiguity which is both dangerous and liberating.
Infact and ?ction young lovers exist in this liminal phase on the verge of adultcommitment to both a sexual partner and society. The Liebestodmyth and itsliterary versions catch them at that moment of change, failing to make atransition into the community, alone at the turning-point. The story of Cupidand Psyche focuses on the initiation of the young woman. In both cases therituals which normally accompany such rites of passage become part of thenarrative, incomplete in various ways or conspicuous by their absence. Marriageis the most striking of these rituals: Pyramus and Thisbe never reach thisstate; Hero and Leander take a private vow; initially Psyche weds Cupid withoutseeing him; Tristan and Isolde marry other partners and consummate their ownrelationship in adultery. By the sixteenth century the Romeo and Juliet storywould incorporate night visits and funeral in addition to marriage. Decadesbefore the sixteenth century, however, the combination of traditional myth andcontemporary ritual manifested disturbance not only in the private sphere ofthe lovers but in the public sphere represented by their social world.
Novella.The Romeo and Juliet story familiar to Shakespeare’s audience originated inItaly during the ?fteenth century.Masuccio Salernitano included most of theplot in the thirty-third tale of his Novellino (1476), the story of Mariottoand Ganozza. During the ?fty-odd years between this version and Luigi daPorto’s Historia novellamente ritrovata di due nobili amanti . . . (c.1530), a legend which corresponds with theRomeo and Juliet narrative seems to have grown very popular, especially innorthern Italy.
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