目录 Introduction Chapter One Reality for Survival 1. Modern Urban Environment with No Escape to Nature 2. Darkness in Modern Society with Evil in the Nature of Man Chapter Two Beliow's Awareness of Survival 1. BeUow's Moral Responsibility as a Writer 2. Jewish Culture Heritage 3. Bellow's Rejection of Modernism 4. Bellow's Effort to affirm Human Value in Modern Society Chapter Three Fiction as Survival Strategy 1. Untenability for Hard -boiled Hero to Survive 2. Quest for an Inner World, the Real Salvation 3. Adoption of All-inclusive Attitude for a Foothold 4. Accommodation with Modern Society Chapter Four Illuminations for Survival 1. Transcending the Reality through Spiritual Pursuit 2. Consummation of the heart's ultimate need 3. Restoration of Community to Counteract Chaotic Modern World 4. Persistence in Affirmation and Hope in the Harsh Modem World Conclusion Bibliography
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