目录 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Shale gas 1.2 Hydraulic fracturing 1.3 Impact the surrounding environment 1.3.1 Water Contamination Pathways 1.3.2 Wastewater Chemical Composition CHAPTER 2 MATHMATIC MODELS 2.1 Dynamic Transport Model 2.1.1 Convection Advective f lux 2.1.2 Dispersive f lux 2.1.3 Diffusive f lux 2.1.4 Hydrodynamic Dispersion 2.1.5 Sorption/Retention 2.2 Contaminant transport model in vadose area 2.2.1 Vertical Transport Model 2.2.2 Concentration Predictive Model 2.2.3 Cumulative Mass Predictive Model 2.3 Monte-Carlo Method CHAPTER 3 MODEL APPLICATION 3.1 Predicting Organic Compounds Concentration in flowback Water 3.1.1 Marcellus region introduce 3.1.2 Hydraulic Fracturing Model 3.1.3 Results Discussion 3.1.4 Conclusions 3.2 Determining VOCs Concentrations in Flowback and Produced Waters Storage Tanks/Pits 3.2.1 Temporal evolution of Flowback water volumes 3.2.2 Temporal evolution of concentrations of VOCs in storage tanks 3.2.3 Conclusions 3.3 Analysis of Vertical Transportation Mechanism of VOCs from Horizontal Hydraulic Fracturing Wastewater 3.3.1 Vadose zone transportation model 3.3.2 Cumulative Mass Percentage Estimation 3.3.3 Predicted Value of Total Concentration in Vadose Zone 3.3.4 Conclusions CHAPTER 4 SUBSTANCE MIGRATION BEHAVIOR FROM FLOWBACK WATER IN SHALE FORMATION 4.1 A review of prediction methods for oilfield produced water scaling 4.1.1 Experimental 4.1.2 The harm of scaling 4.1.3 Scaling prediction of oilfield produced water 4.1.4 Conclusions 4.2 Co-Deposition Mechanisms of Calcium Sulfate and Calcium Carbonate Scale in Produced Water 4.2.1 Background 4.2.2 Methods and Materials 4.2.3 Results and Discussion 4.2.4 Conclusions 4.3 Effects of Influencing Factors on a Lab-Scale Device for Dynamic Scaling Mitigation 4.3.1 Experiments 4.3.2 Results and Discussion 4.3.3 Conclusions 4.4 Mixed scaling control technology of produced water in different layers of the Dingbian oil production plant 4.4.1 Materials and Methods
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