Table of Contents Introduction xxiv Objectives xxv Audience xxvi Organization xxvii Conventions and Features xxviii Foreword 1 Chapter1 Routing Basics Basic Concepts: Internetworks, Routers, and Addresses Bicycles with Motors Data Link Addresses Repeaters and Bridges Routers Network Addresses Looking Ahead Recommended Reading Review Questions TCP/IP Review The TCP/IP Protocol Layers The IP Packet Header IP Addresses The First Octet Rule Address Masks Subnets and Subnet Masks Designing Subnets Breaking the Octet Boundary Troubleshooting a Subnet Mask ARP Proxy ARP Gratuitous ARP Reverse ARP ICMP The Host-to-Host Layer CHAPTER 2 TCP UDP Looking Ahead Summary Table: Chapter 2 Command Review Recommended Reading Review Questions Configuration Exercises Troubleshooting Exercises CHAPTER 3 Static Routing The Route Table Configuring Static Routes Case Study: Simple Static Routes Case Study: Summary Routes Case Study: Alternative Routes Case Study: Floating Static Routes Case Study: Load Sharing Per Destination Load Sharing and Fast Switching Per Packet Load Sharing and Process Switching Case Study: Recursive Table Lookups Troubleshooting Static Routes Case Study: Tracing a Failed Route Case Study: A Protocol Conflict Looking Ahead Summary Table: Chapter 3 Command Review Review Questions Configuration Exercises Troubleshooting Exercises Chapter 4 Dynamic Routing Protocols Routing Protocol Basics Path Determination Metrics Hop Count Bandwidth Load Delay Reliability Cost Convergence Load Balancing Distance Vector Routing Protocols Common Characteristics Periodic Updates Neighbors Broadcast Updates Full Routing Table Updates Routing by Rumor Route Invalidation Timers Split Horizon Counting to Infinity Triggered Updates Holddown Timers Asynchronous Updates Link State Routing Protocols Neighbors Link State Flooding Sequence Numbers Aging The Link State Database The SPF Algorithm Areas Interior and Exterior Gatewav Protocols Static or Dynamic Routing? Looking Ahead Recommended Reading Review Questions Part 11 Interior Routing Protocols Chapter 5 Routing Information Protocol (RIP) Operation of RIP RIP Timers and Stability Features RIP Message Format Request Message Types Classful Routing Classful Routing: Directly Connected Subnets Classful Routing: Summarization at Boundary Routers Classful Routing: Summary Configuring RIP 205 Case Study: A Basic RIP Configuration Case Study: Passive Interfaces Case Study: Configuring Unicast Updates Case Study: Discontiguous Subnets Case Study: Manipulating RIP Metrics Troubleshooting RIP Looking Ahead Summary Table: Chapter 5 Command Review Recommended Reading Review Questions Configuration Exercises Troubleshooting Exercises Chapter 6 Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP) Operation of IGRP IGRP Timers and Stability Features IGRP Metrics IGRP Packet Format Configuring IGRP Case Study: A Basic IGRP Configuration Case Study: Unequal-Cost Load Balancing Case Study: Setting Maximum Paths Case Study: Multiple IGRP Processes Troubleshooting IGRP 260 Case Study: Unequal-Cost Load Balancing, Again Case Study: A Segmented Network Looking Ahead Summary Table: Chapter 6 Command Review Recommended Reading Review Questions Configuration Exercises Troubleshooting Exercises Chapter 7 Routing Information Protocol Version 2 Operation of RIPv2 RIPv2 Message Format Compatibility with RIPv Classless Route Lookups Classless Routing Protocols Variable-Length Subnet Masking Authentication Configuring RIPv2 Case Study: A Basic RIPv2 Configuration Case Study: Compatibility with RIPvl Case Study: Using VLSM Case Study: Discontiguous Subnets and Classless Routing Case Study: Authentication Troubleshooting RIPv2 Case Study: Misconfigured VLSM Looking Ahead Summary Table: Chapter 7 Command Review Recommended Reading Review Questions Configuration Exercises Troubleshooting Exercises Chapter 8 Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) Operation of EIGRP Protocol-Dependent Modules Reliable Transport Protocol Neighbor Discovery/Recovery The Diffusing Update Algorithm DUAL: Preliminary Concepts The DUAL Finite State Machine Diffusing Computation: Example 1 Diffusing Computation: Example 2 EIGRP Packet Formats The EIGRP Packet Header General TLV Fields IP-Specific TLV Fields Address Aggregation Configuring EIGRP Case Study: A Basic ETCRP Configuration Case Study: Redistribution with IGRP Case Study: Disabling Automatic Summarization Case Study: Address Aggregation Authentication Troubleshooting EIGRP Case Study: A Missing Neighbor Stuck-in-Active Neighbors Looking Ahead Summary Table: Chapter 8 Command review Review Questions Configuration Exercises Troubleshooting Exercises Chapter 9 Open Shortest Path First Operation of OSPF Neighbors and Adjacencies The Hello Protocol Network Types Designated Routers and Backup Designated Routers OSPF Interfaces OSPF Neighbors Flooding Areas Router Types Partitioned Areas Virtual Links The Link State Database LSA Types Stub Areas The Route Table Destination Types Path Types Route Table Lookups Authentication OSPF over Demand Circuits OSPF Packet Formats The Packet Header The Hello Packet The Database Description Packet The Link State Request Packet The Link State Update Packet The Link State Acknowledgment Packet. OSPF LSA Formats The LSA Header The Router LSA The Network LSA The Network and ASBR Summary LSAs The Autonomous System External LSA The NSSA External LSA The Options Field Configuring OSPF Case Study: A Basic OSPF Configuration Case Study: Setting Router IDs with Loopback Interfaces Case Study: Domain Name Service Lookups Case Study: OSPF and Secondary Addresses Case Study: Stub Areas Case Study: Totally Stubby Areas Case Study: Not-So-Stubby Areas Case Study: Address Summarization Case Study: Authentication Case Study: Virtual Links Case Study: OSPF on NBMA Networks Case Study: OSPF over Demand Circuits Troubleshooting OSPF Case Study: An Isolated Area Case Study: Misconfigured Summarization Looking Ahead Summary Table: Chapter 9 Command Review Recommended Reading Review Questions Configuration Exercises Troubleshooting Exercises Chapter 10 Integrated IS-IS 592 Operation of Integrated IS-IS IS-IS Areas Network Entity Titles IS-IS Functional Organization Subnetwork Dependent Functions Subnetwork Independent Functions IS-IS PDU Formats CLV Fields The IS-IS Hello PDU Format The IS-IS Link State PDU Format The IS-IS Sequence Numbers PDU Format Configuring Integrated IS-IS Case Study: A Basic Integrated IS-IS Configuration Case Study: Changing the Router Types Case Study: An Area Migration Case Study: Route Summarization Case Study: Authentication Troubleshooting Integrated IS-IS Troubleshooting IS-IS Adjacencies Troubleshooting the IS-IS Link State Database Case Study: Integrated IS-IS on NBMA Networks Looking Ahead Summary Table: Chapter 10 Command Review Review Questions Configuration Exercises Troubleshooting Exercises Part 111 Route Control and Interoperability Chapter 11 Route Redistribution Principles of Redistribution Metrics Administrative Distances Redistributing from Classless to Classful Protocols Configuring Redistribution Case Study: Redistributing IGRP and RIP Case Study: Redistributing EIGRP and OS Case Study: Redistribution and Route Summarization Case Study: Redistributing IS-IS and RIP Case Study: Redistributing Static Routes Looking Ahead Summary Table: Chapter 11 Command Review Review Questions Configuration Exercises Troubleshooting Exercises Chapter 12 Default Routes and On-Demand Routing Fundamentals of Default Routes Fundamentals of On-Demand Routing Configuring Default Routes and ODR Case Study: Static Default Routes Case Study: The Default-Network Command Case Study: The Default-Information Originate Command Case Study: Configuring On-Demand Routing Looking Ahead Summary Table: Chapter 12 Command Review Review Questions Chapter 13 Route Filtering Configuring Route Filters Case Study: Filtering Specific Routes Case Study: Route Filtering and Redistribution Case Study: A Protocol Migration Case Study: Multiple Redistribution Points Case Study: Using Distances to Set Router Pref- erences Looking Ahead Summary Table: Chapter 13 Command Review Configuration Exercises Troubleshooting Exercises Chapter 14 Route Maps Basic Uses of Route Maps Configuring Route Maps Case Study: Policy Routing Case Study: Policy Routing and Quality of Ser- vice Routing Case Study: Route Maps and Redistribution Case Study: Route Tagging Looking Ahead Summary Table: Chapter 14 Command Review Review Questions Configuration Exercises Troubleshooting Exercises Part IV Appendixes Appendix A Tutoriat: Working with Binary and Hex Working with Binary Numbers Working with Hexadecimal Numbers Appendix B Tutorial: Access Lists Access List Basics Implicit Deny Any Sequentiality Access List Types Editing Access Lists Standard IP Access Lists Extended IP Access Lists TCP Access Lists UDP Access Lists ICMP Access Lists Calling the Access List Keyword Alternatives Named Access Lists Filter Placement Considerations Access List Monitoring and Accounting Appendix C CCIE Preparation Tips Laying the Foundations Hands-On Experience Intensifying the Study The Final Six Months Exam Day 889 Appendix D Answers to Review Questions Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 14 Appendix E Solutions to Configuration Problems Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapterll Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Appendix F Solutions to Troubleshooting Exercises Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Index
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