0.2 Basic Concepts, Existing Research and Research Objects 3
0.3 Textual Research on the Origin and Development of the Translation of “The Communist Manifesto” and the Demarcation of Research Objects 25
Chapter 1 Translation and Dissemination of “The Communist Manifesto” and Multiple Interpretations of Its Discourse Before 1920 42
1.1 The Context, Translation and Understanding of “The Communist Manifesto” Being First Introduced to China in the Late 19th Century 43
1.1.1 The Original Expression of the Basic Terms of Marxist Theory in the Chinese Context 43
1.1.2 The First Translation of “The Communist Manifesto” 47
1.1.3 “Socialism” in the Narrative of Missionaries and Scholar-bureaucrats 48
1.2 Translation and Introduction of Paragraphs in “The Communist Manifesto” and the Exploration of Its Sinicization of Discourse (1900-1917) 50
1.2.1 Translation and Dissemination of “The Communist Manifesto” by the Bourgeois Reformists 50
1.2.2 Translation and Dissemination of “The Communist Manifesto” by the Bourgeois Revolutionaries 62
1.2.3 Translation and Dissemination of “The Communist Manifesto” by the Anarchists 75
1.3 Translation and Introduction of Paragraphs in “The Communist Manifesto” and the Development of Its Sinicization of Discourse (1917-1919) 82
1.3.1 Translation and Introduction of “The Communist Manifesto” Since the May Fourth Movement 82
1.3.2 Important Terms of Marxism Published in Three Translations of “The Communist Manifesto” 87
1.3.3 The Quotes, Semantic Change and Understanding of “Class” Discourse in the Chinese Versions of “The Communist Manifesto” Before 1920 94
Chapter 2 Text and Revolutionary Discourse (I): Textual Research on the Chinese Complete Translation of “The Communist Manifesto” Before the Founding of the People’s Republic of China 110
2.1 The Translation by Chen Wangdao 110
2.1.1 Text Generation 110
2.1.2 Publication and Version Evolution 114
2.1.3 Textual Research on the Original Text and Its Discourse Conversion 119
2.2 The Translation by Hua Gang 125
2.2.1 The Generation Context 125
2.2.2 The Translator and Textual Research of Version 128
2.2.3 Version Dissemination and Its Values 131
2.3 The Translation by Cheng Fangwu & Xu Bing 132
2.3.1 The Generation Context 132
2.3.2 The Translators and the Publication of their Translations 139
2.3.3 Version Dissemination and Its Values 143
2.4 The Translation by Bo Gu 146
2.4.1 The Generation Context 146
2.4.2 The Translator and Version Evolution 150
2.4.3 Version Dissemination and Its Values 158
2.5 The Translation by Chen Shoushi 164
2.5.1 The Translator and Textual Research 165
2.5.2 Context Dissemination and Its Values 168
Chapter 3 Text and Revolutionary Discourse (II): The Evolution of Marxist Revolutionary Discourse in “The Communist Manifesto” Before the Founding of the People’s Republic of China 173
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