Arthur Schopenhauer (22 February 1788-21 September 1860),was a German philosopher best known for his book, The World as Will and Idea (German: Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung), in which he claimed that our world is driven by a continually dissatisfied will, continually seeking satisfaction. Independently arriving at many of the same conclusions of Eastern philosophy, he maintained that the “truth was recognized by the sages of India”; consequently, his solutions to suffering were similar to those of Vedantic and Buddhist thinkers (e.g., asceticism). The influence of “transcendental ideality” led him to choose atheism. At age 25, he published his doctoral dissertation, On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason, which examined the four distinct aspects of experience in the phenomenal world; consequently, he has been influential in the history of phenomenology. He has influenced many thinkers, including Friedrich Nietzsche, Richard Wagner, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Erwin Schr?dinger, Albert Einstein, Sigmund Freud, Otto Rank, Carl Jung, Joseph Campbell, Leo Tolstoy, Thomas Mann, and Jorge Luis Borges, among others.
【目录】
Appendix / 1 Supplements to the First Book / 163 FIRST HALF CHAPTER 1 / 167 CHAPTER 2 / 189 CHAPTER 3 / 199 CHAPTER 4 / 207 SECOND HALF CHAPTER 5 / 241 CHAPTER 6 / 247 CHAPTER 7 / 258 CHAPTER 8 / 285 2 THE WORLD AS WILL AND IDEA CHAPTER 9 / 301 CHAPTER 10 / 308 CHAPTER 11 / 322 CHAPTER 12 / 324 CHAPTER 13 / 338 CHAPTER 14 / 342 CHAPTER 15 / 348 CHAPTER 16 / 363 CHAPTER 17 / 378 Supplements to the Second Book / 417 CHAPTER 18 / 419 CHAPTER 19 / 432 CHAPTER 20 / 491 NOTE ON WHAT HAS BEEN SAID ABOUT BICHAT / 518 FOOTNOTES / 522
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