Leo Tolstoy was born on September 9, 1828, in Yasnaya Polyana, Russia. Orphaned at nine, he was brought up by an elderly aunt and educated by French tutors until he matriculated at Kazan University in 1844. In 1847, he gave up his studies and, after several aimless years, volunteered for military duty in the army, serving as a junior officer in the Crimean War before retiring in 1857. In 1862, Tolstoy married Sophie Behrs, a marriage that was to become, for him, bitterly unhappy. His diary, started in 1847, was used for self-study and self-criticism; it served as the source from which he drew much of the material that appeared not only in his great novels War and Peace (1869) and Anna Karenina (1877), but also in his shorter works. Seeking religious justification for his life, Tolstoy evolved a new Christianity based upon his own interpretation of the Gospels. Yasnaya Polyana became a mecca for his many converts At the age of eighty-two, while away from home, the writer suffered a break down in his health in Astapovo, Riazan, and he died there on November 20, 1910.
David Magarshack was known for his many translations from his native Russian, including works by Dostoyevsky.
列夫·托尔斯泰全名:列夫·尼古拉耶维奇·托尔斯泰,俄国作家、思想家,19世纪末20世纪初最伟大的文学家,19世纪俄国伟大的批判现实主义作家,是世界文学史上最杰出的作家之一,他被称颂为具有“最清醒的现实主义”的“天才艺术家”。主要作品有长篇小说《战争与和平》《安娜·卡列尼娜》《复活》等,也创作了大量的童话,是大多数人所崇拜的对象。他的作品描写了俄国革命时的人民的顽强抗争,因此被称为“俄国十月革命的镜子”列宁曾称赞他创作了世界文学中“第一流”的作品。他的作品《七颗钻石》《跳水》《穷人》已被收入人教版和冀教版小学语文书。
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