相平衡、相图和相变：其热力学基础（第二版）

图书标准信息

• 作者 [瑞典]希勒特（M. Hillert） 著
• 出版社 北京大学出版社
• 出版时间 2014-10
• 版次 1
• ISBN 9787301245552
• 定价 89.00元
• 装帧 平装
• 开本 16开
• 纸张 胶版纸
• 页数 528页
• 字数 629千字
• 丛书 中外物理学精品书系

【内容简介】

　　《相平衡、相图和相变——其热力学基础（第二版）（英文影印版）》主要内容为现代计算机应用观点下的热力学基本原理。化学平衡和化学变化的理论基础也是本书的内容之一，其重点在于相图的性质。本书从基本原理出发，讨论延及多相的系统。第二版新增加的内容包括不可逆热力学、极值原理和表面、界面热力学等等。平衡条件的理论刻画、系统的平衡状态和达到平衡时的变化都以图解的形式给出。
　　《相平衡、相图和相变——其热力学基础（第二版）（英文影印版）》适合材料科学与工程领域的研究人员、研究生和高年级本科生阅读。

【作者简介】

　　(瑞典)希勒特（M.Hillert），瑞典皇家工学院教授。

【目录】

Prefacetosecondeditionpagexii
Prefacetofirsteditionxiii
1Basicconceptsofthermodynamics1
1.1Externalstatevariables1
1.2Internalstatevariables3
1.3Thefirstlawofthermodynamics5
1.4Freezing-inconditions9
1.5Reversibleandirreversibleprocesses10
1.6Secondlawofthermodynamics13
1.7Conditionofinternalequilibrium17
1.8Drivingforce19
1.9Combinedfirstandsecondlaw21
1.10Generalconditionsofequilibrium23
1.11Characteristicstatefunctions24
1.12Entropy26
2Manipulationofthermodynamicquantities30
2.1Evaluationofonecharacteristicstatefunctionfromanother30
2.2Internalvariablesatequilibrium31
2.3Equationsofstate33
2.4Experimentalconditions34
2.5Notationforpartialderivatives37
2.6Useofvariousderivatives38
2.7ComparisonbetweenCVandCP40
2.8Changeofindependentvariables41
2.9Maxwellrelations43
3Systemswithvariablecomposition45
3.1Chemicalpotential45
3.2Molarandintegralquantities46
3.3Moreaboutcharacteristicstatefunctions48
3.4Additivityofextensivequantities.Freeenergyandexergy51
3.5Variousformsofthecombinedlaw52
3.6Calculationofequilibrium54
3.7Evaluationofthedrivingforce56
3.8Drivingforceformolecularreactions58
3.9Evaluationofintegrateddrivingforceasfunctionof
TorP59
3.10Effectivedrivingforce60
4Practicalhandlingofmulticomponentsystems63
4.1Partialquantities63
4.2Relationsforpartialquantities65
4.3Alternativevariablesforcomposition67
4.4Theleverrule70
4.5Thetie-linerule71
4.6Differentsetsofcomponents74
4.7Constitutionandconstituents75
4.8Chemicalpotentialsinaphasewithsublattices77
5Thermodynamicsofprocesses80
5.1Thermodynamictreatmentofkineticsof
internalprocesses80
5.2Transformationofthesetofprocesses83
5.3Alternativemethodsoftransformation85
5.4Basicthermodynamicconsiderationsforprocesses89
5.5Homogeneouschemicalreactions92
5.6Transportprocessesindiscontinuoussystems95
5.7Transportprocessesincontinuoussystems98
5.8Substitutionaldiffusion101
5.9Onsager’sextremumprinciple104
6Stability108
6.1Introduction108
6.2Somenecessaryconditionsofstability110
6.3Sufficientconditionsofstability113
6.4Summaryofstabilityconditions115
6.5Limitofstability116
6.6Limitofstabilityagainstfluctuationsincomposition117
6.7Chemicalcapacitance120
6.8Limitofstabilityagainstfluctuationsof
internalvariables121
6.9LeChatelier’sprinciple123
7ApplicationsofmolarGibbsenergydiagrams126
7.1MolarGibbsenergydiagramsforbinarysystems126
7.2Instabilityofbinarysolutions131
7.3IllustrationoftheGibbs–Duhemrelation132
7.4Two-phaseequilibriainbinarysystems135
7.5Allotropicphaseboundaries137
7.6Effectofapressuredifferenceonatwo-phase
equilibrium138
7.7Drivingforcefortheformationofanewphase142
7.8Partitionlesstransformationunderlocalequilibrium144
7.9Activationenergyforafluctuation147
7.10Ternarysystems149
7.11Solubilityproduct151
8Phaseequilibriaandpotentialphasediagrams155
8.1Gibbs’phaserule155
8.2Fundamentalpropertydiagram157
8.3Topologyofpotentialphasediagrams162
8.4Potentialphasediagramsinbinaryandmultinarysystems166
8.5Sectionsofpotentialphasediagrams168
8.6Binarysystems170
8.7Ternarysystems173
8.8Directionofphasefieldsinpotentialphasediagrams177
8.9Extremumintemperatureandpressure181
9Molarphasediagrams185
9.1Molaraxes185
9.2Setsofconjugatepairscontainingmolarvariables189
9.3Phaseboundaries193
9.4Sectionsofmolarphasediagrams195
9.5Schreinemakers’rule197
9.6Topologyofsectionedmolardiagrams201
10Projectedandmixedphasediagrams205
10.1Schreinemakers’projectionofpotentialphasediagrams205
10.2Thephasefieldruleandprojecteddiagrams208
10.3RelationbetweenmolardiagramsandSchreinemakers’
projecteddiagrams212
10.4Coincidenceofprojectedsurfaces215
10.5Projectionofhigher-orderinvariantequilibria217
10.6Thephasefieldruleandmixeddiagrams220
10.7Selectionofaxesinmixeddiagrams223
10.8Konovalov’srule226
10.9Generalruleforsingularequilibria229
11Directionofphaseboundaries233
11.1Useofdistributioncoefficient233
11.2Calculationofallotropicphaseboundaries235
11.3Variationofachemicalpotentialinatwo-phasefield238
11.4Directionofphaseboundaries240
11.5Congruentmeltingpoints244
11.6Verticalphaseboundaries248
11.7Slopeofphaseboundariesinisothermalsections249
11.8Theeffectofapressuredifferencebetweentwophases251
12Sharpandgradualphasetransformations253
12.1Experimentalconditions253
12.2Characterizationofphasetransformations255
12.3Microstructuralcharacter259
12.4Phasetransformationsinalloys261
12.5Classificationofsharpphasetransformations262
12.6ApplicationsofSchreinemakers’projection266
12.7Scheil’sreactiondiagram270
12.8Gradualphasetransformationsatfixedcomposition272
12.9Phasetransformationscontrolledbyachemicalpotential275
13Transformationsinclosedsystems279
13.1Thephasefieldruleatconstantcomposition279
13.2Reactioncoefficientsinsharptransformations
forp=c+1280
13.3Graphicalevaluationofreactioncoefficients283
13.4Reactioncoefficientsingradualtransformations
forp=c285
13.5Drivingforceforsharpphasetransformations287
13.6Drivingforceunderconstantchemicalpotential291
13.7Reactioncoefficientsatconstantchemicalpotential294
13.8Compositionaldegeneraciesforp=c295
13.9Effectoftwocompositionaldegeneraciesforp=c.1299
14Partitionlesstransformations302
14.1Deviationfromlocalequilibrium302
14.2Adiabaticphasetransformation303
14.3Quasi-adiabaticphasetransformation305
14.4Partitionlesstransformationsinbinarysystem308
14.5Partialchemicalequilibrium311
14.6Transformationsinsteelunderquasi-paraequilibrium315
14.7Transformationsinsteelunderpartitioningofalloyingelements319
15Limitofstabilityandcriticalphenomena322
15.1Transformationsandtransitions322
15.2Order–disordertransitions325
15.3Miscibilitygaps330
15.4Spinodaldecomposition334
15.5Tri-criticalpoints338
16Interfaces344
16.1Surfaceenergyandsurfacestress344
16.2Phaseequilibriumatcurvedinterfaces345
16.3Phaseequilibriumatfluid/fluidinterfaces346
16.4Sizestabilityforsphericalinclusions350
16.5Nucleation351
16.6Phaseequilibriumatcrystal/fluidinterface353
16.7Equilibriumatcurvedinterfaceswithregardtocomposition356
16.8Equilibriumforcrystallineinclusionswithregardtocomposition359
16.9Surfacesegregation361
16.10Coherencywithinaphase363
16.11Coherencybetweentwophases366
16.12Solutedrag371
17Kineticsoftransportprocesses377
17.1Thermalactivation377
17.2Diffusioncoefficients381
17.3Stationarystatesfortransportprocesses384
17.4Localvolumechange388
17.5Compositionofmaterialcrossinganinterface390
17.6Mechanismsofinterfacemigration391
17.7Balanceofforcesanddissipation396
18Methodsofmodelling400
18.1Generalprinciples400
18.2Choiceofcharacteristicstatefunction401
18.3Referencestates402
18.4RepresentationofGibbsenergyofformation405
18.5UseofpowerseriesinT407
18.6Representationofpressuredependence408
18.7Applicationofphysicalmodels410
18.8Idealgas411
18.9Realgases412
18.10Mixturesofgasspecies415
18.11Black-bodyradiation417
18.12Electrongas418
19Modellingofdisorder420
19.1Introduction420
19.2Thermalvacanciesinacrystal420
19.3Topologicaldisorder423
19.4Heatcapacityduetothermalvibrations425
19.5Magneticcontributiontothermodynamicproperties429
19.6Asimplephysicalmodelforthemagneticcontribution431
19.7Randommixtureofatoms434
19.8Restrictedrandommixture436
19.9Crystalswithstoichiometricvacancies437
19.10Interstitialsolutions439
20Mathematicalmodellingofsolutionphases441
20.1Idealsolution441
20.2Mixingquantities443
20.3Excessquantities444
20.4Empiricalapproachtosubstitutionalsolutions445
20.5Realsolutions448
20.6ApplicationsoftheGibbs–Duhemrelation452
20.7Dilutesolutionapproximations454
20.8Predictionsforsolutionsinhigher-ordersystems456
20.9Numericalmethodsofpredictionsforhigher-ordersystems458
21Solutionphaseswithsublattices460
21.1Sublatticesolutionphases460
21.2Interstitialsolutions462
21.3Reciprocalsolutionphases464
21.4Combinationofinterstitialandsubstitutionalsolution468
21.5Phaseswithvariableorder469
21.6Ionicsolidsolutions472
22Physicalsolutionmodels476
22.1Conceptofnearest-neighbourbondenergies476
22.2Randommixingmodelforasubstitutionalsolution478
22.3Deviationfromrandomdistribution479
22.4Short-rangeorder482
22.5Long-rangeorder484
22.6Long-andshort-rangeorder486
22.7Thecompoundenergyformalismwithshort-rangeorder488
22.8Interstitialordering490
22.9Compositiondependenceofphysicaleffects493
References496
Index499