Course of theoretical physics:non-relativistic theory:Volume 3:Quantum mechanics
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作者[俄]Л.Д.朗道,[苏]E.M.栗弗席兹
出版社世界图书出版有限公司
ISBN9787519283308
出版时间2020-10
装帧平装
开本16开
定价179元
货号11026241
上书时间2024-09-09
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作者简介
列夫·达维多维奇·朗道（英文：Lev Davidovich Landau，1908——1968）是20世纪理论物理学界杰出的先驱者和创造者之一，被后人称为“世界上最后一个全能的物理学家”。1946年，他当选为苏联科学院院士。1951年，他当选为丹麦皇家科学院院士，1956年任荷兰皇家科学院院士。1959年，他成为英国物理与物理学会的荣誉会员。1960年，他当选为英国皇家学会的外籍院士、美国国家科学院和美国艺术和科学院的院士并获得了F·伦敦奖（美国）和马克斯·普朗克奖章（西德）。他还三次获列宁奖等苏联国家奖项。1962年，他被授予诺贝尔物理学奖以表彰他关于凝聚态物质、特别是关于液氦的开创性理论。
朗道年轻时就显现出对数学和物理等自然学科的浓厚的兴趣和非凡的研究天赋。1927年朗道在列宁格勒大学获得学士学位，本科期间就已经时就已经开始进行学术研究工作了。本科毕业后，他在欧洲多国做过访问学者，他在哥本哈根理论物理研究所访问期间受到了物理学泰斗尼尔斯.玻尔（Neils Borh）在理论物理领域全面而深入的启发，这段经历令其受益至深。
朗道是一位全能的物理学家，他在理论物理学科取得诸多非凡成就。其主要科研成就包括：在量子力学领域引入密度矩阵概念；创立了电子抗磁性的量子理论；创立铁磁性的磁畴理论和反铁磁性的理论解释；创立了二级相变的一般理论和超导体的中间态理论；创立了原子核的几率理论；创立液氮的超流理论和量子液体理论；创立等离子体振动理论；与金兹堡一起创立超导理论；创立基本粒子的电荷约束理论；创立了费米液体的量子理论并提出了弱相互作用的CP不变性。
他不仅是一位杰出的科学家，还是一位杰出的教育家。返回苏联后他在哈尔科夫从事理论物理研究和教学工作，1937年起朗道担任苏联科学院物理问题研究所理论部主任直至去世。
目录
From the Preface to the first English edition
Preface to the second English edition
Preface to the third Russian edition
Editors Preface to the fourth Russian edition
Notation
I.THE BASIC CONCEPTS OF QUANTUM MECHANICS
§1.The uncertainty principle
§2.The principle of superposition
§3.Operators
§4.Addition and multiplication of operators
§5.The continuous spectrum
§6.The passage to the limiting case of classical mechanics
§7.The wave function and measurements
II.ENERGY AND MOMENTUM
§8.The Hamiltonian operator
§9.The differentiation of operators with respect to time
§10.Stationary states
§11.Matrices
§12.Transformation of matrices
§13.The Heisenberg representation of operators
§14.The density matrix
§15.Momentum
§16.Uncertainty relations
III.SCHRODINGERS EQUATION
§17.Schr?dingers equation
§18.The fundamental properties of Schr?dingers equation
§19.The current density
§20.The variational principle
§21.General properties of motion in one dimension
§22.The potential well
§23.The linear oscillator
§24.Motion in a homogeneous field
§25.The transmission coefficient
IV.ANGULAR MOMENTUM
§26.Angular momentum
§27.Eigenvalues of the angular momentum
§28.Eigenfunctions of the angular momentum
§29.Matrix ele ments of vectors
§30.Parity of a state
§31.Addition of angular momenta
V.МотION IN А CENTRALLY SYММЕTRIС РЕLD
§32.Motion in a centrally sym metric field
§33.Spherical waves
§34.Resolution of a plane wave
§35.Fall of a particle to the centre
§36.Motion in a Coulomb field (spherical polar coordinates
§37.Motion in a Coulomb feld (parabolic coordinates)
VI.PERTURBATION THEORY
§38.Perturbations independent of time
§39.The secular equation
§40.Perturbations depending on time
§41.Transitions under a perturbation acting for a finite time
§42.Transitions under the action of a periodic perturbation
§43.Transitions in the continuous spectrum
§44.The uncertainty relation for energy
§45.Potential energy as a perturbation
VII.THE QUASI-CLASSICAL CASE
§46.The wave function in the quasi-classical case
§47.Boundary conditions in the quasi-classical case
§48.Bohr and Sommerfelds quantization rule
§49.Quasi-classical motion in a centrally symmetric field
§50.Penetration through a potential barrier
§51.Calculation of the quasi-classical matrix elemente
§52.The transition probability in the quasi-classical case
§53.Transitions under the action of adiabatic perturbations
VIII.SPIN
§54.Spin
§55.The spin operator
§56.Spinors
§57.The wave functions of particles with arbitrary spin
§58.The operator of finite rotations
§59.Partial polarization of particles
§60.Time reversal and Kramerstheorem
IX.IDENTITY OF PARTICLES
§61.The principle of indistinguishability of similar particles
§62.Exchange interaction
§63.Symmetry with respect to interchange
§64.Second quantization.The case of Bose statistics
§65.Second quantization.T he case of Fermi statistics
X.THE ATOM
§66.Atomic energy levels
§67.Electron states in the atom
§68.Hydrogen-like energy leyels
§69.The self-consistent feld
§70.The Thomas-Fermi equation
§71.Wave functions of the outer electrons near the nucleus
§72.Fine structure of atomic levels
§73.The Mendeleev periodic system
§74.X-ray terms
§75.Multipole moments
§76.An ato m in an electric field
§77.A hydrogen atom in an electric field
XI.ТНЕ DATоMIC MOLECULE
§78.Electron terms in the diatomic molecule
§79.The intersection of electron terms
§80.The relation between molecular and atomic terms
§81.Valency
§82.Vibrational and rotational structures of singlet terma in the diatomic molecule
§83.Multiplet terms.Case a
§84.Multiplet terms.Case b
§85.Multiplet terms.Cases c and d
§86.Symmetry of molecular terms
§87.Matrix elements for the diatomic molecule
§88.A-doubling
§89.The interaction of atoms at large distances
§90.Pre-dissociation
XII.THE THEORY OF SYMMETRY
§91.Symmetry transformations
§92.Transformation groups
§93.Point groups
§94.Representations of groups
§95.Irreducible representations of point groups
§96.Irreducible representations and the classification of terma
§97.Selection rules for matrix elements
§98.Continuous groups
§99.T wo-valued representations of finite point groups
XIII.POLYATOMIC MOLECULES
§100.The classification of molecular vibrations
§101.Vibrational energy levels
§102.Stability of sy m metrical configurations of the molecule
§103.Quantization of the rotation of a top
§104.The interaction between the vibrations and the rotation of the molecule
§105.The classification of molecular terms
XIIV.ADDITION OF ANCULAR MOMENTA
§106.3j-symbols
§107.Matrix elements of tensors
§108.6j-symbols
§109.Matrix elements for addition of angular momenta
§110.Matrix elements for axially symmetric systems
XV.МOTION IN A МAСNЕTIС РIELD
§111.Schr?dingers equation in a magnetic field
§112.Motion in a uniform magnetic field
§113.An atom in a magnetic field
§114.Spin in a variable magnetic field
§115.The current density in a magnetic field
XVI.NUCLEAR STRUCTURE
§116.Isotopic invariance
§117.Nuclear forces
§118.The shell model
§119.Non-spherical nuclei
§120.Isotopic shift
§121.Hyperfine structure of atomic levels
§122.Hyperfine structure of molecular levels
XVII.ELASTIC COLLISIONS
§123.The general theory of scattering
§124.An investigation of the general formula
§125.The unitarity condition for scattering
§126.Borns formula
§127.The quasi-classical case
§128.Analytical properties of the scattering amplitude
§129.The dispersion relation
§130.The scattering amplitude in the momentum representation
§131.Scattering at high energies
§132.The scattering of slow particles
§133.Resonance scattering at low energies
§134.Resonance at a quasi-discrete level
§135.Rutherfords formula
§136.The system of wave functions of the continuous spectrum
§137.Collisions of like particles
§138.Resonance scattering of charged particles
§139.Elastic collisions between fast electrons and atoms
§140.Scattering with spin-orbit interaction
§141.Regge poles
XVIII.INELASTIC COLLISIONS
§142.Elastic scattering in the presence of inelastic processes
§143.Inelastic scattering of slo w particles
§144.The scattering matrix in the presence of reactions
§145.Breit and Wigners formulae
§146.Interaction in the final state in reactions
§147.Behaviour of cross-sections near the reaction threshold
§148.Inelastic collisions between fast electrons and ato ms
§149.The effective retardation
§150.Inelastic collisions between heavy particles and atoms
§151.Scattering of neutrons
§152.Inelastic scattering at high energies
MATHEMATICAL APPENDICES
§a.Hermite polynomials
§b.The Airy function
§c.Legendre polynomials
§d.The confluent hypergeometric function
§e.The hypergeometric function
§f.The calculation of integrals containing confluent hypergeo metric functions
Index
内容摘要
本书讲述非相对论量子力学，共计18章和1个数学附录，内容包括量子力学的基本概念和原理，近似方法，对称性和角动量理论，原子分子和原子核以及散射理论。内容丰富全面，带有朗道学派的明显特点，在理论物理教学中起着重要的作用。本书可作为理论物理专业的研究生和高年级本科生教学参考书，也可供科研人员和教师参考。
精彩内容
《朗道理论物理学教程 第 3 卷：量子力学(非相对论理论)(第 3 版)》从量子力学重要的基本概念入手，以简洁清晰的逻辑叙述和缜密的数学推导阐述量子力学相关理论。本书主要内容包括： 能量和动量、薛定谔方程、角动量、有心力场中的运动、微扰理论、准经典情形、自旋、粒子的全同性、原子、双原子分子、对称性理论、多原子分子、角动量的相加、磁场中的运动、核结构、弹性碰撞和非弹性碰撞。本套教程附有大量的例题和习题，是大学物理系师生和理论物理学工作者必备的重要参考书。
媒体评论
“朗道理论物理学教程”是一部享誉世界的理论物理学巨著，包括《力学（第3版）》《经典场论（第4版）》《量子力学：非相对论理论（第4版）》《量子电动力学（第2版）》《统计物理学 第1册（第3版）》《流体力学（第2版）》《弹性力学（第3版）》《连续介质电动力学（第2版）》《统计物理学 第2册》和《物理动力学》共十卷。这套教程中的七卷是由1962年诺贝尔物理学奖获得者、苏联科学院院士L. D. 朗道和他的学生苏联科学院院士E. M. 栗弗席兹编著的，另外三卷由栗弗席兹与另一位院士L. P. 皮塔耶夫斯基按朗道的思想框架编写完成的，后经不断补充完善，现已成为20世纪中期以来最重要、最全面、影响突出的理论物理学教程。
“朗道理论物理学教程”目前已有十余种文字的分卷译本，六种文字的全卷译本，几十年来被全球众多高校选为理论物理课程教材。英文版是由莫顿·哈默麦什（Morton Hamermesh）教授1951年开始着手翻译的。莫顿·哈默麦什教授本人曾供职于美国阿贡国家实验室从事理论物理方面研究并担任物理学部主任，后又任教于美国明尼苏达大学并担任物理与天文学院院长，他在物理教学方面经验丰富，也编写过多部广受欢迎的理论物理教材，他所翻译的“朗道理论物理学教程”英文版作为参考书被各国科研人员广泛引用。
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