Preface ix 1 Matrices and Systems of Equations 1 1.1 Systems of Linear Equations 1 1.2 Row Echelon Form 12 1.3 Matrix Arithmetic 27 1.4 Matrix Algebra 47 1.5 Elementary Matrices 61 1.6 Partitioned Matrices 71 MATLAB Exercises 81 Chapter Test A—True or False 85 Chapter Test B 86 2 Determinants 87 2.1 The Determinant of a Matrix 87 2.2 Properties of Determinants 94 2.3 Additional Topics and Applications 101 MATLAB Exercises 109 Chapter Test A—True or False 111 Chapter Test B 111 3 Vector Spaces 112 3.1 Definition and Examples 112 3.2 Subspaces 120 3.3 Linear Independence 134 3.4 Basis and Dimension 146 3.5 Change of Basis 152 3.6 Row Space and Column Space 162 MATLAB Exercises 170 Chapter Test A—True or False 171 Chapter Test B 172 4 Linear Transformations 174 4.1 Definition and Examples 174 4.2 Matrix Representations of Linear Transformations 183 4.3 Similarity 198 MATLAB Exercises 204 Chapter Test A—True or False 205 Chapter Test B 205 5 Orthogonality 207 5.1 The Scalar Product in Rn 208 5.2 Orthogonal Subspaces 223 5.3 Least Squares Problems 231 5.4 Inner Product Spaces 244 5.5 Orthonormal Sets 253 5.6 The Gram–Schmidt Orthogonalization Process 272 5.7 Orthogonal Polynomials 281 MATLAB Exercises 289 Chapter Test A—True or False 291 Chapter Test B 291 6 Eigenvalues 293 6.1 Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors 294 6.2 Systems of Linear Differential Equations 309 6.3 Diagonalization 321 6.4 Hermitian Matrices 339 6.5 The Singular Value Decomposition 351 6.6 Quadratic Forms 368 6.7 Positive Definite Matrices 381 6.8 Nonnegative Matrices 389 MATLAB Exercises 398 Chapter Test A—True or False 402 Chapter Test B 403 7 Numerical Linear Algebra 405 7.1 Floating-Point Numbers 406 7.2 Gaussian Elimination 414 7.3 Pivoting Strategies 419 7.4 Matrix Norms and Condition Numbers 425 7.5 Orthogonal Transformations 439 7.6 The Eigenvalue Problem 450 7.7 Least Squares Problems 461 7.8 Iterative Methods 473 MATLAB Exercises 479 Chapter Test A—True or False 484 Chapter Test B 485 8 Canonic
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