Materials Introduction (材料导论)
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作者 王者辉 编著
出版社 化学工业出版社
ISBN 9787122294197
出版时间 2017-06
装帧 其他
开本 16开
纸张 胶版纸
页数 274页
定价 78元
货号 1303373
上书时间 2024-03-09
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【书 名】 Materials Introduction (材料导论) 【书 号】 9787122294197 【出 版 社】 化学工业出版社 【作 者】 王者辉 编著 【出版日期】 2017-06-01 【版 次】 1 【开 本】 16开 【页 码】 274 【定 价】 78.00元 【编辑推荐】 探索材料世界,从此开始,材料导论带你观其发展时间轴,学其原理,重其应用,展望材料领域未来。 【内容简介】 《Materials Introduction(材料导论)》共分为两部分:*部分分别介绍了金属材料、陶瓷材料、水泥混凝土材料、高分子材料、复合材料、半导体材料、能源材料的基本结构特征、性能、用途、合成制造和加工方法;第二部分为各种材料的实验操作内容。本书不仅详述材料科学基础理论,同时兼顾材料工程生产实践,注重理论与生产生活实践相结合,提高读者的知识面及阅读兴趣。《Materials Introduction(材料导论)》可供从事材料科学与工程方面的科研人员、生产技术人员等参考阅读。 【目录】 Part 1 Materials Introduction Chapter 1 Metals 2 1.1 What are Metals? 2 1.2 Historical Timeline of Metals 3 1.3 Future Trends 4 1.4 Scientific Principles 4 1.4.1 Structure of Metals 4 1.4.2 Mechanical Properties 7 1.4.3 Processing 8 1.4.4 Alloys 9 1.4.5 Corrosion 10 1.4.6 Metal Ores 11 1.4.7 Summary 12 Review Questions 13 Answers to Review Questions 13 References 14 Glossary 14 Chapter 2 Ceramics 17 2.1 What Are Ceramics? 17 2.2 Historical Timeline of Ceramics 19 2.3 Future Trends 20 2.4 Scientific Principles 21 2.4.1 Introduction 21 2.4.2 Atomic Bonding 21 2.4.3 Classification 21 2.4.4 Thermal Properties 22 2.4.5 Optical Properties 24 2.4.6 Mechanical Properties 26 2.4.7 Electrical Properties 28 2.4.8 Ceramic Processing 30 2.4.9 Summary 33 Review Questions 33 Answers to Review Questions 34 References 34 Glossary 35 Chapter 3 Concrete 38 3.1 What is Concrete? 38 3.2 The Historical Timeline of Concrete 39 3.3 Future Trends 40 3.4 Scientific Principles 41 3.4.1 What is in This Stuff? 41 3.4.2 Concrete Production 43 3.4.3 Properties of Concrete 47 3.4.4 Concrete Degradation 51 3.4.5 Summary 51 Review Questions 52 Answers to Review Questions 53 References 54 Glossary 54 Chapter 4 Polymers 56 4.1 What are Polymers? 56 4.2 Historical Timeline of Polymers 57 4.3 Future Trends 58 4.4 Scientific Principles 58 4.4.1 Polymerization Reactions 59 4.4.2 Polymer Chemical Structure 60 4.4.3 Polymer Physical Structure 61 4.4.4 Members of the Polymer Family 62 4.4.5 Polymer Processing 62 4.4.6 Recycling 64 4.4.7 Summary 68 Review Questions 68 Answers to Review Questions 69 References 70 Glossary 70 Abbreviations 71 Chapter 5 Composite Materials 72 5.1 What are Composite Materials? 72 5.2 Historical Timeline of Composite Materials 73 5.3 Future Trends 74 5.4 Scientific Principles 75 5.4.1 Get to Know of Composite Materials 75 5.4.2 Products of Composite Materials 76 5.4.3 Constituents of Composite Materials 77 5.4.4 Fabrication Methods 78 5.4.5 Finishing Methods 81 5.4.6 Tooling 81 5.4.7 Physical Properties 81 5.4.8 Summary 82 Review Questions 83 Answers to Review Questions 83 References 84 Glossary 84 Abbreviations 86 Chapter 6 Semiconductors 88 6.1 What are Semiconductors? 88 6.2 Historical Timeline of Semiconductors 89 6.3 Future Trends 90 6.4 Scientific Principles 91 6.4.1 Conductors, Insulators, and Semiconductors 91 6.4.2 Research and Application 95 6.4.3 Properties and Processing of Electronic Materials 96 6.4.4 Summary 99 Review Questions 100 Answers to Review Questions 101 References 102 Glossary 103 Chapter 7 Energy 106 7.1 What is Energy? 107 7.2 Historical Timeline of Energy 107 7.3 Future Trends 108 7.4 Scientific Principles 109 7.4.1 Basic Energy Principles 109 7.4.2 Fossil Fuels 113 7.4.3 Renewable Energy Sources 120 7.4.4 Nuclear Energy 125 7.4.5 Summary 133 Review Questions 133 Answers to Review Questions 135 References 135 Glossary 136 Part 2 Laboratory Activities and Demonstrations Chapter 8 Laboratory Activities and Demonstrations of Metals 142 8.1 Laboratory Activities 142 Experiment 1 Crystal Packing 142 Experiment 2 A Particle Model of Metals: Atomic Bb’s 143 Experiment 3 Processing Metals: Making Metals Strong 145 Experiment 4 Tensile Strength Test: Stretching Wires 147 Experiment 5 Forming Brass from Zinc and Copper: “Gold” Penny Lab 149 Experiment 6 Activity Series: Which one Reacts? 151 Experiment 7 Corrosion of Iron: Rust! 153 Experiment 8 Oxidation of a Metal: Chemical Hand Warmer 156 8.2 Demonstrations 157 Demonstration 1 Phase Transition of High Carbon Steel 157 Demonstration 2 Removal of Zinc from Pennies: Floating Pennies 159 Demonstration 3 Corrosion of Iron: Test Tube Geology 160 Chapter 9 Laboratory Activities of Ceramics 163 Experiment 1 Clay Labs: Ready-Beam-Fire 163 Experiment 2 Flocculation in Ceramics 167 Experiment 3 Glass Labs: Wow You Can See Right Through Me! 168 Experiment 4 Electrical Resistance in a Glass Bulb 173 Experiment 5 Fiber Optics Labs: Light at the End of the Tunnel 173 Chapter 10 Laboratory Activities and Demonstrations of Concrete 176 10.1 Laboratory Activities 176 Experiment 1 Physical Properties: What’s the Matter? 176 Experiment 2 Concrete Density and Aggregates: How Dense Is It? 178 Experiment 3 Cement Hydration and pH Evolution: Hot and Cold 180 Experiment 4 A Design Project: The Fleet Afloat! 183 Experiment 5 Stress and Strain 186 Experiment 6 Make and Take 192 10.2 Demonstrations 193 Demonstration 1 Making a Silt Test 193 Demonstration 2 Conducting an Organic Matter Test 193 Demonstration 3 Effect of Aggregate on Workability of Concrete 194 Demonstration 4 It’s Heating Up! 195 Demonstration 5 pH of Cement 196 Chapter 11 Laboratory Activities and Demonstrations of Ploymers 199 11.1 Laboratory Activities 199 Experiment 1 Crunch and Munch Lab 199 Experiment 2 Slime Away 202 Experiment 3 A Silly Polymer 205 Experiment 4 Don’t Throw it in the Garbage 208 Experiment 5 Plastics the Second Time Around 211 11.2 Demonstrations 215 Demonstration 1 Let’s Make an Addition Polymer 215 Demonstration 2 Introduction to the New Chain Gang 217 Demonstration 3 The Formation of the Wonder Polymer 218 Chapter 12 Laboratory Activities and Demonstrations of Composite Materials 220 12.1 Laboratory Activities 220 Experiment 1 Composite Column Design/Test Lab 220 Experiment 2 Composite Materials Structure 223 12.2 Demonstrations 229 Demonstration 1 Snow Ski 229 Demonstration 2 Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) in a Race Car 230 Chapter 13 Laboratory Activities of Semiconductors 232 Experiment 1 Electronic Familiarity 232 Experiment 2 Hot and Cold 234 Experiment 3 Let There Be Light 238 Experiment 4 What is Ohmic? 242 Experiment 5 Alternating to Direct 246 Experiment 6 Working with LED’s 249 Chapter 14 Laboratory Activities and Demonstrations of Energy 253 14.1 Laboratory Activities 253 Experiment 1 Great Chemistry! 253 Experiment 2 Heating It Up! 257 Experiment 3 Half-Life: The Energizer Bunny Effect 260 Experiment 4 Nature’s Kitchen ——Solar Box Cooker 262 14.2 Demonstrations 265 Demonstration 1 Potential to Kinetic Energy 265 Demonstration 2 Dipping into Solar Ponds 267 Demonstration 3 Nuclear Mice 269 Appendix: Unit Conversion Tables 【前言】 大千世界中,材料无处不在。吃、穿、住、行,每个人每天都会碰到诸如金属、橡胶、磁性、光电等众多材料,小到一根针、一张纸、一个塑料袋、一件衣服,大到交通工具、医疗器械、工程建筑、信息通讯、航天航空,处处都有材料科学与工程的身影。材料科学与工程以材料学、化学、物理学为基础,主要研究材料成分、结构、加工工艺与其性能和应用。人类文明的发展史事实上就是一部如何更好地利用材料和创造材料的历史,材料的不断创新和发展,反过来又极大地推动了社会经济的发展。材料科学与工程囊括了金属材料工程、无机非金属材料工程、高分子材料与工程、复合材料与工程等。随着人类进入新世纪以及科学技术的不断发展,无论是工业领域、建筑领域、医疗领域还是航空领域,材料学都面临着技术突破和重大产业发展机遇。以高分子材料、纳米材料、光电子材料、生物医用材料及新能源材料等为代表的新材料技术创新也显得非常活跃。很多日用化工类、机械加工类、石油化工、钢铁制造类企业都离不开材料及相关工程方面的人才,如材料及高分子复合材料成型加工、高分子合成、化学纤维、新型建筑装饰材料、现代喷涂与包装材料、陶瓷、水泥、家用电器、电子电气、汽车厂、钢铁企业、石油化工、制造企业、航天航空等企业中从事设计、新产品开发、生产管理、市场经营及贸易部门工作的人员,高等学校、科研单位从事材料科学研究与教学工作的学者和研究人员,政府部门从事行政管理、质量监督等工作的行政人员等,都也离不开材料及相关工程方面的知识和技能。按照材料的种类,本书共涉及七种材料:金属材料、陶瓷材料、水泥混凝土材料、高分子材料、复合材料、半导体材料、能源材料,分别介绍各种材料的基本结构特征、性能、用途、合成制造、加工方法和相关实验操作。本书在注重材料科学基础理论的同时,兼顾材料工程生产实践,注重理论与生产生活实践相结合,提高读者的阅读兴趣。由于作者水平有限,疏漏和不足之处在所难免,敬请读者指正。作者 2017年5月Materials Science and Engineering encompasses all natural and man-made materials——their extraction, synthesis, processing, properties, characterization, and development for technological applications. Advanced engineering activities that depend upon optimized materials include the medical device and healthcare industries, the energy industries, electronics and photonics, transportation, advanced batteries and fuel cells, and nanotechnology. Professionals in materials science and engineering develop a fundamental understanding of materials at the nano, micro and macro scales, leading to specialization in such topics as: biomaterials; chemical and electrochemical materials science and engineering; computational materials science and engineering; electronic, magnetic and optical materials; and structural materials. As in the past, today’s materials advancements enables new technological breakthroughs across all engineering disciplines.Structural Materials focus on the relationships between the chemical and physical structure of materials and their properties and performance. Regardless of the material class metallic, ceramic, polymeric or composite, an un
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