Materials Introduction (材料导论）
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作者王者辉 编著
出版社化学工业出版社
ISBN9787122294197
出版时间2017-06
装帧其他
开本16开
纸张胶版纸
页数274页
定价78元
货号1303373
上书时间2024-03-09
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【书 名】 Materials Introduction (材料导论）
【书 号】 9787122294197
【出 版 社】 化学工业出版社
【作 者】 王者辉 编著
【出版日期】 2017-06-01
【版 次】 1
【开 本】 16开
【页 码】 274
【定 价】 78.00元
【编辑推荐】
探索材料世界，从此开始，材料导论带你观其发展时间轴，学其原理，重其应用，展望材料领域未来。
【内容简介】
《Materials Introduction（材料导论）》共分为两部分：*部分分别介绍了金属材料、陶瓷材料、水泥混凝土材料、高分子材料、复合材料、半导体材料、能源材料的基本结构特征、性能、用途、合成制造和加工方法；第二部分为各种材料的实验操作内容。本书不仅详述材料科学基础理论，同时兼顾材料工程生产实践，注重理论与生产生活实践相结合，提高读者的知识面及阅读兴趣。《Materials Introduction（材料导论）》可供从事材料科学与工程方面的科研人员、生产技术人员等参考阅读。
【目录】
Part 1 Materials
Introduction
Chapter 1 Metals 2
1.1 What are Metals? 2
1.2 Historical Timeline of Metals 3
1.3 Future Trends 4
1.4 Scientific Principles 4
1.4.1 Structure of Metals 4
1.4.2 Mechanical Properties 7
1.4.3 Processing 8
1.4.4 Alloys 9
1.4.5 Corrosion 10
1.4.6 Metal Ores 11
1.4.7 Summary 12
Review Questions 13
Answers to Review Questions 13
References 14
Glossary 14
Chapter 2 Ceramics 17
2.1 What Are Ceramics? 17
2.2 Historical Timeline of Ceramics 19
2.3 Future Trends 20
2.4 Scientific Principles 21
2.4.1 Introduction 21
2.4.2 Atomic Bonding 21
2.4.3 Classification 21
2.4.4 Thermal Properties 22
2.4.5 Optical Properties 24
2.4.6 Mechanical Properties 26
2.4.7 Electrical Properties 28
2.4.8 Ceramic Processing 30
2.4.9 Summary 33
Review Questions 33
Answers to Review Questions 34
References 34
Glossary 35
Chapter 3 Concrete 38
3.1 What is Concrete? 38
3.2 The Historical Timeline of Concrete
39
3.3 Future Trends 40
3.4 Scientific Principles 41
3.4.1 What is in This Stuff? 41
3.4.2 Concrete Production 43
3.4.3 Properties of Concrete 47
3.4.4 Concrete Degradation 51
3.4.5 Summary 51
Review Questions 52
Answers to Review Questions 53
References 54
Glossary 54
Chapter 4 Polymers 56
4.1 What are Polymers? 56
4.2 Historical Timeline of Polymers 57
4.3 Future Trends 58
4.4 Scientific Principles 58
4.4.1 Polymerization Reactions 59
4.4.2 Polymer Chemical Structure 60
4.4.3 Polymer Physical Structure 61
4.4.4 Members of the Polymer Family 62
4.4.5 Polymer Processing 62
4.4.6 Recycling 64
4.4.7 Summary 68
Review Questions 68
Answers to Review Questions 69
References 70
Glossary 70
Abbreviations 71
Chapter 5 Composite Materials 72
5.1 What are Composite Materials? 72
5.2 Historical Timeline of Composite
Materials 73
5.3 Future Trends 74
5.4 Scientific Principles 75
5.4.1 Get to Know of Composite Materials
75
5.4.2 Products of Composite Materials 76
5.4.3 Constituents of Composite
Materials 77
5.4.4 Fabrication Methods 78
5.4.5 Finishing Methods 81
5.4.6 Tooling 81
5.4.7 Physical Properties 81
5.4.8 Summary 82
Review Questions 83
Answers to Review Questions 83
References 84
Glossary 84
Abbreviations 86
Chapter 6 Semiconductors 88
6.1 What are Semiconductors? 88
6.2 Historical Timeline of
Semiconductors 89
6.3 Future Trends 90
6.4 Scientific Principles 91
6.4.1 Conductors, Insulators, and
Semiconductors 91
6.4.2 Research and Application 95
6.4.3 Properties and Processing of
Electronic Materials 96
6.4.4 Summary 99
Review Questions 100
Answers to Review Questions 101
References 102
Glossary 103
Chapter 7 Energy 106
7.1 What is Energy? 107
7.2 Historical Timeline of Energy 107
7.3 Future Trends 108
7.4 Scientific Principles 109
7.4.1 Basic Energy Principles 109
7.4.2 Fossil Fuels 113
7.4.3 Renewable Energy Sources 120
7.4.4 Nuclear Energy 125
7.4.5 Summary 133
Review Questions 133
Answers to Review Questions 135
References 135
Glossary 136
Part 2 Laboratory Activities and
Demonstrations
Chapter 8 Laboratory Activities and
Demonstrations of Metals 142
8.1 Laboratory Activities 142
Experiment 1 Crystal Packing 142
Experiment 2 A Particle Model of Metals:
Atomic Bb’s 143
Experiment 3 Processing Metals: Making
Metals Strong 145
Experiment 4 Tensile Strength Test:
Stretching Wires 147
Experiment 5 Forming Brass from Zinc and
Copper: “Gold” Penny Lab 149
Experiment 6 Activity Series: Which one
Reacts? 151
Experiment 7 Corrosion of Iron: Rust!
153
Experiment 8 Oxidation of a Metal:
Chemical Hand Warmer 156
8.2 Demonstrations 157
Demonstration 1 Phase Transition of High
Carbon Steel 157
Demonstration 2 Removal of Zinc from
Pennies: Floating Pennies 159
Demonstration 3 Corrosion of Iron: Test
Tube Geology 160
Chapter 9 Laboratory Activities of
Ceramics 163
Experiment 1 Clay Labs: Ready-Beam-Fire
163
Experiment 2 Flocculation in Ceramics
167
Experiment 3 Glass Labs: Wow You Can See
Right Through Me! 168
Experiment 4 Electrical Resistance in a
Glass Bulb 173
Experiment 5 Fiber Optics Labs: Light at
the End of the Tunnel 173
Chapter 10 Laboratory Activities and
Demonstrations of Concrete 176
10.1 Laboratory Activities 176
Experiment 1 Physical Properties: What’s the Matter? 176
Experiment 2 Concrete Density and
Aggregates: How Dense Is It? 178
Experiment 3 Cement Hydration and pH
Evolution: Hot and Cold 180
Experiment 4 A Design Project: The Fleet
Afloat! 183
Experiment 5 Stress and Strain 186
Experiment 6 Make and Take 192
10.2 Demonstrations 193
Demonstration 1 Making a Silt Test 193
Demonstration 2 Conducting an Organic
Matter Test 193
Demonstration 3 Effect of Aggregate on
Workability of Concrete 194
Demonstration 4 It’s Heating Up! 195
Demonstration 5 pH of Cement 196
Chapter 11 Laboratory Activities and
Demonstrations of Ploymers 199
11.1 Laboratory Activities 199
Experiment 1 Crunch and Munch Lab 199
Experiment 2 Slime Away 202
Experiment 3 A Silly Polymer 205
Experiment 4 Don’t Throw it in the Garbage 208
Experiment 5 Plastics the Second Time
Around 211
11.2 Demonstrations 215
Demonstration 1 Let’s Make an Addition Polymer 215
Demonstration 2 Introduction to the New
Chain Gang 217
Demonstration 3 The Formation of the
Wonder Polymer 218
Chapter 12 Laboratory Activities and
Demonstrations of Composite Materials 220
12.1 Laboratory Activities 220
Experiment 1 Composite Column
Design/Test Lab 220
Experiment 2 Composite Materials
Structure 223
12.2 Demonstrations 229
Demonstration 1 Snow Ski 229
Demonstration 2 Carbon Fiber Reinforced
Polymer (CFRP) in a Race Car 230
Chapter 13 Laboratory Activities of
Semiconductors 232
Experiment 1 Electronic Familiarity 232
Experiment 2 Hot and Cold 234
Experiment 3 Let There Be Light 238
Experiment 4 What is Ohmic? 242
Experiment 5 Alternating to Direct 246
Experiment 6 Working with LED’s 249
Chapter 14 Laboratory Activities and
Demonstrations of Energy 253
14.1 Laboratory Activities 253
Experiment 1 Great Chemistry! 253
Experiment 2 Heating It Up! 257
Experiment 3 Half-Life: The Energizer Bunny Effect 260
Experiment 4 Nature’s Kitchen ——Solar Box Cooker 262
14.2 Demonstrations 265
Demonstration 1 Potential to Kinetic
Energy 265
Demonstration 2 Dipping into Solar Ponds
267
Demonstration 3 Nuclear Mice 269
Appendix: Unit Conversion Tables
【前言】
大千世界中，材料无处不在。吃、穿、住、行，每个人每天都会碰到诸如金属、橡胶、磁性、光电等众多材料，小到一根针、一张纸、一个塑料袋、一件衣服，大到交通工具、医疗器械、工程建筑、信息通讯、航天航空，处处都有材料科学与工程的身影。材料科学与工程以材料学、化学、物理学为基础，主要研究材料成分、结构、加工工艺与其性能和应用。人类文明的发展史事实上就是一部如何更好地利用材料和创造材料的历史，材料的不断创新和发展，反过来又极大地推动了社会经济的发展。材料科学与工程囊括了金属材料工程、无机非金属材料工程、高分子材料与工程、复合材料与工程等。随着人类进入新世纪以及科学技术的不断发展，无论是工业领域、建筑领域、医疗领域还是航空领域，材料学都面临着技术突破和重大产业发展机遇。以高分子材料、纳米材料、光电子材料、生物医用材料及新能源材料等为代表的新材料技术创新也显得非常活跃。很多日用化工类、机械加工类、石油化工、钢铁制造类企业都离不开材料及相关工程方面的人才，如材料及高分子复合材料成型加工、高分子合成、化学纤维、新型建筑装饰材料、现代喷涂与包装材料、陶瓷、水泥、家用电器、电子电气、汽车厂、钢铁企业、石油化工、制造企业、航天航空等企业中从事设计、新产品开发、生产管理、市场经营及贸易部门工作的人员，高等学校、科研单位从事材料科学研究与教学工作的学者和研究人员，政府部门从事行政管理、质量监督等工作的行政人员等，都也离不开材料及相关工程方面的知识和技能。按照材料的种类，本书共涉及七种材料：金属材料、陶瓷材料、水泥混凝土材料、高分子材料、复合材料、半导体材料、能源材料，分别介绍各种材料的基本结构特征、性能、用途、合成制造、加工方法和相关实验操作。本书在注重材料科学基础理论的同时，兼顾材料工程生产实践，注重理论与生产生活实践相结合，提高读者的阅读兴趣。由于作者水平有限，疏漏和不足之处在所难免，敬请读者指正。作者 2017年5月Materials Science and Engineering encompasses all natural and man-made materials——their extraction, synthesis, processing, properties, characterization, and development for technological applications. Advanced engineering activities that depend upon optimized materials include the medical device and healthcare industries, the energy industries, electronics and photonics, transportation, advanced batteries and fuel cells, and nanotechnology. Professionals in materials science and engineering develop a fundamental understanding of materials at the nano, micro and macro scales, leading to specialization in such topics as: biomaterials; chemical and electrochemical materials science and engineering; computational materials science and engineering; electronic, magnetic and optical materials; and structural materials. As in the past, today’s materials advancements enables new technological breakthroughs across all engineering disciplines.Structural Materials focus on the relationships between the chemical and physical structure of materials and their properties and performance. Regardless of the material class metallic, ceramic, polymeric or composite, an un
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