GIVER 《授者》
GIVER 《授者》是一部人文科幻小说。获得了1994年的纽伯瑞儿童文学奖
￥ 18 九品
库存2件
北京丰台
认证卖家担保交易快速发货售后保障
作者Lois Lowry
出版社Random House Children's Books
出版时间1993
印刷时间2002-09
装帧平装
纸张铜版纸
页数454页
上书时间2021-03-27
商品详情
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内容简介
初读此书，描写的似乎是一个乌托邦，所有可能消灭痛苦和烦恼的措施样样俱全。双向广播器时刻监控每一个家庭的违规现象。人们一直都严守规矩；家庭成员每天都相互交流他们的梦境和感受，杜绝任何情感纠结。这个社区根据每个人的秉性进行夫妻配对，一直维持着和谐秩序。
在纽伯瑞获奖演说中，洛利描述她创建的大同世界：“我努力让乔纳斯的世界使人感觉熟悉，舒服，而且安全，也在尝试诱导读者。我用我的方式来牵引读者。这确实是一个完美的世界。我把我害怕的和不喜欢的东西全都消灭掉了：暴力，贫穷，歧视和不公，同时让每个人都彬彬有礼，因为我认为这是一种理想化的生活方式。这样的社会，已达到人们想象的极限。 [1] ”
然而，随着故事展开，人们越来越清楚地发现，这种社会并没有家庭和爱的观念（至少不是洛利所暗示的“更完整”的观念）。孩子由指定的“生育妈妈”来孕育，然后分配，每个家庭都是一儿一女，以此来控制人口平衡。当每一个家庭在稳定的环境中，完成了养育孩子的任务，家庭就再也没有必要存在。父母迁居到专为没有孩子的成人设立的公共机构，而孩子们，则开始他们的职业生涯，并且组建自己的家庭。为了维持这种制度，社区使用药物来抑制成员的感情，没有罗曼蒂克的爱情，更没有性。
沿着河岸，和这个社区类似的城镇星罗棋布，周围广平的大片土地给他们提供农作物，同时便利交通运输。他们利用气候控制使天气保持恒定。
社区由一个由老年人组成的委员会监管，给每一个年满12岁的小孩分配工作，职位终身不变。人们受严格的规矩束缚，这些规矩涉及很广，关系到生活的方方面面，如若违反，只需要一个简单却是程式化的道歉以示惩戒。有时候，有些规定被违反了也可以忽略的：比如未到规定年龄骑车的小孩由兄姐教他们骑车。如果社区的成员被判决两次严重违反了规定，可能会被“驱逐”，在这个未来世界中，相当于死刑（尽管在被判决受驱逐时并没有指出，其实是在社区执行死刑）。
“驱逐仪式”贯穿整部小说，随着谜底逐步揭开，故事基调也变得越来越阴暗。故事刚刚开始的时候，我们知道这个过程被普遍认为是一种羞辱，尤其被驱逐的人是社区里面的一分子。另一方面，老年人受驱逐是值得庆贺的，而婴儿受驱逐被认为是维持平衡的必要手段。后来，我们发现只有还在让保育员照顾，未分配到特定家庭的婴儿才会被驱逐，而且有一套特别的标准。尤其是，当一个生育妈妈诞下一对长相相似的双胞胎，保育员就会给他们秤体重，体重轻的那一个会被驱逐。
在乔纳斯的社区，人们相信那些被驱逐的人是被送到“另一个地方”，可能是另一个社区。故事到达高潮的时候，乔纳斯发现驱逐实际上是安乐死。揭露真相的这一段情节，招致一些成年人批评，他们并不希望孩子们接触这样的文字。
小说以第三人称写作，追踪主人公乔纳斯的视角，从他等待12岁就业庆典的时候写起。乔纳斯生活在一个很标准的家庭，母亲是个法官，父亲是“保育员”。他自己被选择担任“记忆传授者”，因为他具有超乎寻常的“天赋”。这是很特殊的能力，例如可以看见颜色和聆听音乐。他从年老的前任那里接受训练，接受记忆，履行“记忆接受者”的职责。这一位老人（对社区来说他也是“接受者”，对乔纳斯来说他是“授者”）承受着所有记忆的感情重压。这些记忆来自大同世界建立之前，“很久很久很久以前”，在乔纳斯的世界，再也没有一个人记得这些事情。
通过授者，乔纳斯获得了在他的世界已经湮灭的记忆：暴力，悲伤和失落，同样也有爱，美丽，欢乐，冒险和家庭。到最后，洞悉了这些感情的乔纳斯决心去改变这个社区，让情感回归世界。
故事的结尾很含糊，乔纳斯的将来，甚至他是否仍在世，小说都没有透露。见以下含糊的结尾有更多的讨论。
作品赏析
The Giver is a novel written by Lois Lowry and published on April 16, 1993. It is set in a future society which is at first presented as a utopian society and gradually appears more and more dystopian; therefore, it could be considered anti-utopian. The novel follows a boy named Jonas through the twelfth year of his life. The society has eliminated pain and strife by converting to "Sameness", a plan which has also eradicated emotional depth from their lives. Jonas is selected to inherit the position of "Receiver of Memory," the person who stores all the memories of the time before Sameness, in case they are ever needed to aid in decisions that others lack the experience to make. As Jonas receives the memories from his predecessor－the "Giver"－he discovers how shallow his community's life has become.
Despite controversy and criticism that the book's subject material is inappropriate for young children, The Giver won the 1994 Newbery Medal and has sold more than 5.3 million copies. In Australia, the United States and Canada it is a part of many middle school reading lists, but it is also on many banned book lists. The novel forms a loose trilogy with Gathering Blue (2000) and Messenger (2004), two other books set in the same future era.
Plot Summary
Where Jonas lives, life is safe, orderly, and predictable. Rules are strictly adhered to; every aspect of a person's life is carefully planned. People rarely make choices on their own; everything is decided for them by the community. There is no snow or sunshine, no colors or music, no animals or nature.
People in the community take special care to avoid doing or saying anything different. In the community, one must not say anything that causes discomfort to others, and one must use language precisely. Husbands and wives are matched as couples by a Committee of Elders who reviews each individual to see if a person's characteristics will be compatible with those of his mate. Exactly two children-one male and one female-are assigned to each family unit. The elderly live at the House of the Old. Those whose children have grown to have families of their own live with other Childless Adults. Newborn infats are nurtured at the Nurturing Center until they become Ones and are assigned to family units.
When Jonas and other Elevens become Twelves in December, they receive their Assignments that assign them to their particular fields of profession. As someone with intelligence, integrity, courage, and a certain special capacity, Jonas is selected for the most honored and respected Assignment in the community. He is assigned to become a Receiver of Memories who will succeed the current Receiver. A Receiver of Memories is the one person in the community who has access to all the memories of the past. He must keep these memories within himself until he can train a new Receiver to whom he can pass them. Thus, the Receiver has knowledge of things that no one in the community has access to, but the Receiver also has the responsibility to shoulder the burden of sorrow and pain that the memories bring.
Jonas begins his training with the Receiver whom he calls The Giver. At first, The Giver gives Jonas happy memories of the past-memories of things Jonas has never known. Jonas is eager and excited to be able to experience new things. But The Giver must also give Jonas memories of loneliness, fear, grief, rage, and pain-all of which he has never felt in the community. Gradually, through the memories he receives from The Giver, Jonas comes to realize the various truths about the community. He realizes that it is unfair to deprive people of ever being able to make choices for themselves about their own lives. He understands that the people of the community have no genuine feelings. Feelings have never been a part of their lives. He also learns that there are different ways to live. Through the memories, he sees people in the past living differently, and feels that the community must change.
Together with The Giver, Jonas comes up with a plan to change the entire community. He decides to flee the community for the Elsewhere, a place he has only heard about that lies far beyond. If Jonas leaves, the memories he has received from The Giver will be let loose. They will find their way back to the community and to the people. The people will have ready access to the memories that will, in turn, give them knowledge about things that have been missing in their lives. They will come to the same kind of awakening that Jonas did when he was given memories of the past from The Giver.
Jonas departs for the long and difficult journey during which he faces cold and starvation as well as the danger of being found. Seeing lights in the far distance after having come a long way, Jonas is confident that he has reached his destination.
《The Giver》中文译为《记忆受领员》或《记忆传授人》.《记忆传授人》由台湾东方出版社于2002 年 12 月 25 日出版,译者为郑荣珍.可在博客或网路书店找到.
the giver 译为赐予者或授者,洛伊丝·洛利的作品.是她最著名的也是最受争议的作品.《The Giver》描述了一个作者Lois Lowry自己想像出来的理想乌托邦世界。在这个社区里，人们的生活都被安排得好好的，人们不用决定工作，不用决定配偶，这些社区都帮你做好了决定。而这个世界也没有记忆、感情，颜色，及音乐，他们只拥有最基本的生活需求。但是这个社区里面，却有一个人例外，他一个人承担了整个社区该有的记忆，他必须独自承受痛苦、恐惧、和孤单，而他也同时知道什么是温暖、幸福和爱。他被称为the receiver of memory(也就是The Giver)。当12岁的男主角Jonas成为这个the receiver of memory的接班人后，他得到了他以前所不曾有过的经验，而当他知道愈多时，他愈发现这个世界的不合理，于是最后他选择逃离……
整本小说有个让我最被震撼甚至于全身起鸡皮疙瘩的布局，而作者安排的极为巧妙。书中Jonas拥有一个能力，他可以sees beyond，一开始我们完全不了解sees beyond是什么，包括Jonas。这能力的第一次出现在苹果身上，Jonas和他朋友Asher玩丢苹果时，Jonas隐约发现苹果出现了变化，而我们不知道那变化是什么，也无法想像；再来这变化当Jonas站在台上望着底下一大群人时又出现了，但我们仍不知道这变化是什么，直到Jonas去找The Giver。当The Giver让Jonas进入了回忆的世界中，Jonas发现他在雪地上踩的雪橇也发生了变化，但这变化却不是一闪而逝，而是持续存在时，The Giver知道这变化是什么了。
原来Jonas看到的东西，这一开始总是一闪而逝的变化是“红色”，原来Jonas生活的世界没有颜色。我想光是这个安排，就值得看这本小说，也让我深感佩服Lois Lowry的创意。而另一个更神奇的地方则是，The Giver当年的能力不是看见死后的生活，而是听见死后的生活，他可以听得到“音乐”。一个没有爱没有恨没有痛苦没有快乐没有颜色没有音乐的世界，而这全部都要由The Giver承担时，难怪Jonas会想要逃离了，虽然逃亡的地点未知，是生是死也无法掌握…
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