物种起源(英文版)/编译英文经典文库9787511721402
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作者 [英]查尔斯·达尔文
出版社 中央编译出版社
ISBN 9787511721402
出版时间 2021-05
装帧 平装
开本 32开
定价 68元
货号 11067234
上书时间 2024-12-04
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作者简介 查尔斯·罗伯特·达尔文(Charles Robert Darwin,1809年2月12日—1882年4月19日),英国生物学家,进化论的奠基人。曾经乘坐贝格尔号舰作了历时5年的环球航行,对动植物和地质结构等进行了大量的观察和采集。出版《物种起源》,提出了生物进化论学说,从而摧毁了各种唯心的神造论以及物种不变论。除了生物学外,他的理论对人类学、心理学、哲学的发展都有不容忽视的影响。恩格斯将“进化论”列为19世纪自然科学的三大发现之一(其他两个是细胞学说、能量守恒转化定律),对人类有杰出的贡献。 目录 Table of Contents PREFACE 001 INTRODUCTION 015 CHAPTER I VARIATION UNDER DOMESTICATION 021 CAUSES OF VARIABILITY 022 EFFECTS OF HABIT AND OF THE USE OR DISUSE OF PARTS; CORRELATED VARIATION; INHERITANCE 027 CHARACTER OF DOMESTIC VARIETIES; DIFFICULTY OF DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN VARIETIES AND SPECIES; ORIGIN OF DOMESTIC VARIETIES FROM ONE OR MORE SPECIES 032 BREEDS OF THE DOMESTIC PIGEON, THEIR DIFFERENCES AND ORIGIN 037 PRINCIPLES OF SELECTION ANCIENTLY FOLLOWED, AND THEIR EFFECTS 046 UNCONSCIOUS SELECTION 051 I CIRCUMSTANCES FAVOURABLE TO MANS POWER OF SELECTION 058 CHAPTER II VARIATION UNDER NATURE 063 INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 065 DOUBTFUL SPECIES 068 WIDE-RANGING, MUCH DIFFUSED, AND COMMON SPECIES VARY MOST 077 SPECIES OF THE LARGER GENERA IN EACH COUNTRY VARY MORE FREQUENTLY THAN THE SPECIES OF THE SMALLER GENERA 079 MANY OF THE SPECIES INCLUDED WITHIN THE LARGER GENERA RESEMBLE VARIETIES IN BEING VERY CLOSELY, BUT UNEQUALLY, RELATED TO EACH OTHER, AND IN HAVING RESTRICTED RANGES 082 SUMMARY 084 CHAPTER III STRUGGLE FOR EXISTENCE 087 THE TERM, STRUGGLE FOR EXISTENCE, USED IN A LARGE SENSE 090 GEOMETRICAL RATIO OF INCREASE 091 NATURE OF THE CHECKS TO INCREASE 095 II COMPLEX RELATIONS OF ALL ANIMALS AND PLANTS TO EACH OTHER IN THE STRUGGLE FOR EXISTENCE 099 STRUGGLE FOR LIFE MOST SEVERE BETWEEN INDIVIDUALS AND VARIETIES OF THE SAME SPECIES 104 CHAPTER IV NATURAL SELECTION; OR THE SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST 109 SEXUAL SELECTION 119 ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE ACTION OF NATURAL SELECTION, OR THE SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST 122 ON THE INTERCROSSING OF INDIVIDUALS 131 CIRCUMSTANCES FAVOURABLE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF NEW FORMS THROUGH NATURAL SELECTION 137 EXTINCTION CAUSED BY NATURAL SELECTION 145 DIVERGENCE OF CHARACTER 147 THE PROBABLE EFFECTS OF THE ACTION OF NATURAL SELECTION THROUGH DIVERGENCE OF CHARACTER AND EXTINCTION, ON THE DESCENDANTS OF A COMMON ANCESTOR 152 ON THE DEGREE TO WHICH ORGANISATION TENDS TO ADVANCE 163 CONVERGENCE OF CHARACTER 168 SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 171 III CHAPTER V LAWS OF VARIATION 175 EFFECTS OF THE INCREASED USE AND DISUSE OF PARTS, AS CONTROLLED BY NATURAL SELECTION 178 ACCLIMATISATION 184 CORRELATED VARIATION 188 COMPENSATION AND ECONOMY OF GROWTH 192 MULTIPLE, RUDIMENTARY, AND LOWLY-ORGANISED STRUCTURES ARE VARIABLE 194 A PART DEVELOPED IN ANY SPECIES IN AN EXTRAORDINARY DEGREE OR MANNER, IN COMPARISON WITH THE SAME PART IN ALLIED SPECIES, TENDS TO BE HIGHLY VARIABLE 195 SPECIFIC CHARACTERS MORE VARIABLE THAN GENERIC CHARACTERS 199 SECONDARY SEXUAL CHARACTERS VARIABLE 201 DISTINCT SPECIES PRESENT ANALOGOUS VARIATIONS, SO THAT A VARIETY OF ONE SPECIES OFTEN ASSUMES A CHARACTER PROPER TO AN ALLIED SPECIES, OR REVERTS TO SOME OF THE CHARACTERS OF AN EARLY PROGENITOR 204 SUMMARY 213 IV CHAPTER VI DIFFICULTIES OF THE THEORY 217 ON THE ABSENCE OR RARITY OF TRANSITIONAL VARIETIES 219 ON THE ORIGIN AND TRANSITION OF ORGANIC BEINGS WITH PECULIAR HABITS AND STRUCTURE 226 ORGANS OF EXTREME PERFECTION AND COMPLICATION 233 MODES Of TRANSITION 238 SPECIAL DIFFICULTIES OF THE THEORY OF NATURAL SELECTION 243 ORGANS OF LITTLE APPARENT IMPORTANCE, AS AFFECTED BY NATURAL SELECTION 253 内容摘要 《物种起源》是英国生物学家查尔斯·达尔文系统阐述生物进化理论基础的生物学著作,1859年11月24日在伦敦出版。 本书中,达尔文根据20多年积累的对古生物学、生物地理学、形态学、胚胎学和分类学等许多领域的大量研究资料,以自然选择为中心,从变异性、遗传性、人工选择、生存竞争和适应等方面论证物种起源和生命自然界的多样性与统一性。 《物种起源》不仅开创了生物学发展目前的新纪元,使进化论思想渗透到自然科学的各个领域,而且引起了整个人类思想的巨大革命,在世界历史进程中有着广泛和深远的影响。 精彩内容 《物种起源》全名《论依据自然选择即在生存斗争中保存优良族的物种起源》(On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life),是英国生物学家查尔斯·达尔文系统阐述生物进化理论基础的生物学著作,1859年11月24日在伦敦出版。 该书中,达尔文根据20多年积累的对古生物学、生物地理学、形态学、胚胎学和分类学等许多领域的大量研究资料,以自然选择为中心,从变异性、遗传性、人工选择、生存竞争和适应等方面论证物种起源和生命自然界的多样性与统一性。 [1] 《物种起源》不仅开创了生物学发展史上的新纪元,使进化论思想渗透到自然科学的各个领域,而且引起了整个人类思想的巨大革命,在世界历史进程中有着广泛和深远的影响。
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