地震学中的成像、模拟与数据同化
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北京东城
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作者郦永刚 著作
出版社高等教育出版社
ISBN9787040343410
出版时间2012-02
装帧精装
开本16开
定价119元
货号1200263849
上书时间2024-12-28
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目录
Imaging, Modeling and Assimilation in Seismology:
An Overview
References
Chapter 1 Full-Wave Seismic Data Assimilation: A Unified Methodology for Seismic Waveform Inversion
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Generalized Inverse
1.2.1 Prior Probability Densities
1.2.2 Bayes Theorem
1.2.3 Euler-Lagrange Equations
1.3 Data Functionals
1.3.1 Differential Waveforms
1.3.2 Cross-correlation Measurements
1.3.3 Generalized Seismological Data Functionals (GSDF)
1.4 The Adjoint Method
1.4.1 An Example of Adjoint Travel-Time Tomography
1.4.2 Review of Some Recent Adjoint Waveform Tomography
1.5 The Scattering-Integral (SI) Method
1.5.1 Full-Wave Tomography Based on SI
1.5.2 Earthquake Source Parameter Inversion Based on SI
1.6 Discussion
1.6.1 Computational Challenges
1.6.2 Nonlinearity
1.7 Summary
References
Chapter 2 One-Return Propagators and the Applications in Modeling and Imaging
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Primary-Only Modeling and One-Return Approximation
2.3 Elastic One-Return Modeling
2.3.1 Local Born Approximation
2.3.2 The Thin Slab Approximation
2.3.3 Small-Angle Approximation and the Screen Propagator
2.3.4 Numerical Implementation
2.3.5 Elastic, Acoustic and Scalar Cases
2.4 Applications of One-Return Propagators in Modeling, Imaging and Inversion
2.4.1 Applications to Modeling
2.4.2 One-Return Propagators Used in Migration Imaging
2.4.3 Calculate Finite-Frequency Sensitivity Kernels Used in Velocity Inversion
2.5 Other Development of One-Return Modeling
2.5.1 Super-Wide Angle One-Way Propagator
2.5.2 One-Way Boundary Element Method
2.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 3 Fault-Zone Trapped Waves: High-Resolution Characterization of the Damage Zone of the Parkfield San Andreas Fault at Depth
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Fault-Zone Trapped Waves at the SAFOD Site
3.2.1 The SAFOD Surface Array
3.2.2 The SAFOD Borehole Seismographs
3.2.3 Finite-Difference Simulation of Fault-Zone Trapped Waves at SAFOD Site
3.3 Fault-Zone Trapped Waves at the Surface Array near Parkfield Town
3.4 Conclusion and Discussion
Acknowledgements
References
Appendix: Modeling Fault-Zone Trapped SH-Love Waves
Chapter 4 Fault-Zone Trapped Waves at a Dip Fault: Documentation of Rock Damage on the Thrusting Longmen-Shan Fault
Ruptured in the 2008 M8 Wenchuan Earthquake
4.1 Geological Setting and Scientific Significance
4.2 Data and Results
4.2.1 Data Collection
4.2.2 Examples of Waveform Data
4.3 3-D Finite-Difference Investigations of Trapping Efficiency at the Dipping Fault
4.3.1 Effect of Fault-Zone Dip Angle
4.3.2 Effect of Epicentral Distance
4.3.3 Effect of Source Depth
4.3.4 Effect of Source away from Vertical and Dip Fault Zones
4.3.5 Effect of Fault-Zone Width and Velocity Reduction
4.4 3-D Finite-Difference Simulations of FZTWs at the South Longmen-Shan Fault
4.5 Fault Rock Co-Seismic Damage and Post-Mainshock Heal
4.6 Conclusion and Discussion
Acknowledgements
References
Appendix
Chapter 5 Ground-Motion Simulations with Dynamic Source Characterization and Parallel Computing
5.1 Introduction
5.2 The Spontaneous Rupture Model
5.3 EQdyna: An Explicit Finite Element Method for Simulating Spontaneous
Rupture on Geometrically Complex Faults and Wave Propagation in Complex Geologic Structure
5.4 Two Examples of Ground-Motion Related Applications of EQdyna
5.4.1 Sensitivity of Physical Limits on Ground Motion on Yucca Mountain
5.4.2 Effects of Faulting Style Changes on Ground Motion
5.5 Hybrid MPI/OpenMP Parallelization of EQdyna and Its Application to a Benchmark Problem
5.5.1 Element-size Dependence of Solutions
5.5.2 Computational Resource Requirements and Performance Analysis
5.6 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 6 Load-Unload Response Ratio and Its New Progress
6.1 Introduction
6.2 The Status of Earthquake Prediction Using LURR
6.3 Peak Point of the LURR and Its Significance
6.4 Earthquake Cases in 2008-2009
6.5 Improving the Prediction of Magnitude M and T2-Application of Dimensional Method
6.5.1 Location
6.5.2 Magnitude
6.5.3 Occurrence time (T2)
6.6 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 7 Discrete Element Method and Its Applications in Earthquake and Rock Fracture Modeling
7.1 Introduction
7.2 A Brief Introduction to the Esys_Particle
7.3 Theoretical and Algorithm Development
7.3.1 The Equations of Particle Motion
7.3.2 Contact Laws, Particle Interactions and Calculation of Forces and Torques
7.3.3 Calibration of the Model
7.3.4 Incorporation of Thermal and Hydrodynamic Effects
7.3.5 Parallel Algorithm
7.4 Some Numerical Results Obtained by Using the Esys_Particle
7.4.1 Earthquakes
7.4.2 Rock fracture
7.5 Coupling of Multiple Physics
7.5.1 Thermal-Mechanical Coupling
7.5.2 Hydro-Mechanical Coupling
7.5.3 Full Solid-Fluid Coupling
7.6 Discussion and Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
内容摘要
《地震学中的成像模拟与数据同化》介绍地球物理和地震学研究领域内近年发展的数据同化、构造成像和数字模拟的新方法、新技术以及应用实例。全书共七章，由靠前外有名大学和研究所从事地震前沿研究工作的人员撰写而成。内容涵盖： 数据同化概念在地震学中的拓展和应用，全波形三维构造成像(full waveform tomography)，介质全物理属性和震源机制反演方法； 非均匀介质中衍射波和散射波单返程传播算子(one-return propagator)方法，适用于复杂构造成像；断裂带圈闭波(fault-zone trapped wave)或称导波(guided waves)方法，高精度确定断裂带岩石共震破裂程度和空间尺度以及震后愈合的时间关系； 强震动态断裂过程和震源特性模拟合成的有限元方法平行计算技术(hybrid MPI/OpenMP approach，sophisticated finite-element method algorithm EQdyna)，评估地下构造和地面结构抗震的非线性响应和破坏程度； 震区内应力加载和减载的观察，物理原理和加载一减载响应比测定方法(10ad―unIoad response ratio)，推算岩石破碎程度和判别临震状态，应用于地震预报； 离散单元计算方法(discrete element method)，模拟发震断裂带的力学机制和岩石动态破裂，提供应力加载一减载响应比测定方法的力学基础。 《地震学中的成像模拟与数据同化》作者郦永刚分别在各自章节中对上述新方法作了详尽阐述和公式推演，并给出应用实例。本书可作为高等院校和科研院所地球物理学、地震学研究生教学参考书，也可供地震领域的研究人员借鉴。
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