实用大学语文(普通高等教育十二五高职高专规划教材)
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作者张磊 著
出版社中国人民大学出版社
ISBN9787300217147
出版时间2015-07
装帧平装
开本其他
定价55元
货号1201165883
上书时间2024-12-19
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作者简介
张磊,四川司法警官职业学院副教授。从事大学语文授课工作10年。公开发表《试论述脂砚斋为何不续写〈红楼梦〉》、《父权视野下的女性的声音——论余华小说中的女性形象》等多篇文学研究文字。曾主编《司法礼仪教程》,参编《中国现当代诗歌精选》、《中国当代诗学流变史》等教材。
目录
目 录
第一章 大学精神
导 读 ······················································································································ 3
一 大学(节选) ···································································································· 5
二 赠与今年的大学毕业生 ··········································································胡适 9
三 金岳霖先生 ··························································································汪曾祺 18
四 我的大学(节选) ······································································ [ 苏] 高尔基 25
五 想象力:大学存在的理由 ························································ [ 英] 怀特海 35
第二章 求索探寻
导 读 ······················································································································ 45
六 过客 ··········································································································鲁迅 47
七 中国,我的钥匙丢了 ··········································································梁小斌 60
八 命若琴弦 ······························································································史铁生 67
九 热爱生命(节选) ······························································· [ 美] 杰克· 伦敦 86
十 西西弗的神话 ································································· [ 法] 阿尔贝· 加缪 97
第三章 呼唤真情
导 读 ······················································································································ 107
十一 春江花月夜 ···········································································(· 唐)张若虚 109
十二 长恨歌 ····················································································(唐)白居易 113
十三 我的母亲 ······························································································老舍 120
十四 百合花 ······························································································茹志鹃 129
十五 泰坦尼克号(节选) ··············································· [ 加] 詹姆斯· 卡梅隆 140
第四章 诚信责任
导 读 ····················································································································· 157
十六 《论语》七则 ································································································ 159
十七 杜十娘怒沉百宝箱 ·······························································(· 明)冯梦龙 163
十八 围 城(节选) ···················································································钱钟书 175
十九 绳子 ························································································ [ 法] 莫泊桑 187
二十 责任· 荣誉· 国家 ··········································· [ 美] 道格拉斯· 麦克阿瑟 195
第五章 军魂警魂
导 读 ······················································································································ 203
二十一 国风· 邶风· 击鼓 ······································································《· 诗经》 205
二十二 清洁的精神 ··················································································张承志 210
二十三 把栏杆拍遍 ······················································································梁衡 222
二十四 监狱警察(节选) ········································································刘晓玲 229
二十五 亮剑(节选) ····················································································都梁 239
第六章 心系家国
导 读 ······················································································································ 251
二十六 国殇 ···················································································(· 战国)屈原 253
二十七 大同与小康 ·····································································《· 礼记· 礼运》 258
二十八 青春之歌(节选) ············································································杨沫 263
二十九 听听那冷雨 ··················································································余光中 281
三十 都江堰 ······························································································余秋雨 288
第七章 智慧人生
导 读 ······················································································································ 299
三十一 逍遥游(节选) ·································································(· 战国)庄子 301
2
三十二 人间词话(节选) ········································································王国维 309
三十三 棋王(节选) ····················································································阿城 314
三十四 人 生 ······························································································路遥 328
三十五 阿甘正传(节选) ··············································· [ 美] 温斯顿· 葛鲁姆 338
第八章 青春无悔
导 读 ······················································································································ 351
三十六 牡丹亭· 游园 ····································································(· 明)汤显祖 353
三十七 红楼梦· 二次摔玉 ····························································(· 清)曹雪芹 362
三十八 曾国藩家书· 勉励自立课程 ············································(· 清)曾国藩 371
三十九 青春组诗
青春无悔 ······················································································高晓松 378
六月,我们看海去 ······································································潘洗尘 379
四十 “我是即将来到的日子” ················································· [ 法] 罗曼· 罗兰 384
第九章 相信未来
导 读 ······················································································································ 397
四十一 报任安书(节选) ·························································(· 西汉)司马迁 399
四十二 在哪里我都开花 ··············································································梁南 409
四十三 相信未来 ··························································································食指 413
四十四 西风颂 ···················································································· [ 英] 雪莱 417
四十五 最后一片叶子 ································································· [ 美] 欧· 亨利 422
内容摘要
根据“教高〔2006〕16 号文件”的精神,我们本着“发展为本、提升素养、重视应用”的课程理念,在“大学语文”工具性基础上突显人文性,突出实用性,侧重培养学生的“听、说、读、写”等基本能力,融入对学生人文素养与职业道德的培养与提升,我们计划编选一本适合警察院校学生水平、彰显警察工作特色的《实用大学语文》教材。
精彩内容
导 读
主题词:大学精神
青春话题:
(1)读大学,我们学什么?
(2)大学,又爱又恨,我们应该如何度过大学生活?
(3)有人说社会也是一座大学,有人说社会是酱缸,大学毕业,我们如何能保持大
学时代的理想追求?
知识目标:
(1)了解大学精神的实质;
(2)弄清楚古代教育的目标;
(3)把握现代大学的教育目的。
能力目标:
(1)熟悉“四书五经”,并能背诵《大学》(节选)和《学记》(节选);
(2)熟读《金岳霖先生》,掌握记人散文的写法;
(3)培养学生能够即席演讲的能力。
大学,一个梦升起来的地方。我们每个人怀揣着梦想,带着对大学的向往,编织着对
未来的憧憬,从五湖四海、四面八方来到这个神圣的地方,开始了大学生活。
“三点一线”的生活让我们彷徨让我们迷惑!梦想与现实的落差,将美好的憧憬摔个
粉碎。大学不是想象的这个样子!
大学是什么?
“大学之大,在于精神之大”。人不可一日无魂,大学亦不可一时无精神。
大学精神,在于其批判精神和创新精神。它以毫不妥协的、决绝的姿态,对人类文明
进行删选,对社会现实进行理性反思,对人的惰性及恶习进行批判,破除迷信,摒弃愚昧,
超越保守;更新教育观念,更新人们的价值理念和价值取向,改变人们的思维方式,建立
新的科学的知识体系,把理论用于指导实践,推动社会前进,实现文明的再生,构建理想
主义的精神家园。
大学精神,在于其独尊科学、崇尚民主,提倡兼容并包、思想自由的学术精神,宣扬
一种自由、平等和博爱的启蒙意识。大学精神,在于其人文关怀。它以五千多年“厚德载
物”的文化底蕴,以人为中心的价值立场,关注着人们的生存处境和精神状况,为处于焦
虑和无望中人们提供切实心灵鸡汤。
大学精神,在于其实事求是的、求真务实的学风,有一批明辨是非、追求真善美、
扬弃假恶丑的老师。“吾爱吾师,但吾更爱真理”,这作为一面旗子,成为莘莘学子的指
南 针。
大学精神之核心在于育人。大学要以通识教育为使命,培养“面向现代化,面向世界,
面向未来”“有理想、有道德、有文化、有纪律”的“四有”新人。大学生应以天下为己任,
继承前人“国家兴亡,匹夫有责”的报国情怀,学习前人“先天下之忧而忧,后天下之乐
而乐”鞠躬为民的品德,做“一个高尚的人,一个纯粹的人,一个有道德的人,一个脱离
了低级趣味的人,一个有益于人民的人。”
…………
一所大学是不是名校,不在于它规模有多大、有没有漂亮的教学大楼和塑胶跑道,而
是在于它有没有知识渊博、认真负责的老师,有没有良好的育人环境……驰名中外的黄埔
军校虽然只有几间破旧的教室,却走出了中国一流的将军;举世闻名的西南联大规模虽小,
却培养出无数的精英……人生处处都是大学,社会就是一所大学,只要把握住机会,像高
尔基一样,凭借着顽强不屈的意志和永不言败的精神,实现自己的梦想。
其实,理想与现实只有一步之遥,勇敢地跨过去,这里,是梦想开始的地方,也是梦
想升起的地方……
一 大学(节选)
《大学》原是《礼记》中的一篇文章,宋代人把它从《礼记》中抽出来,与《论语》《孟
子》《中庸》相配合,到朱熹撰《四书章句集注》时,便成了“四书”之一。 朱熹认为
《大学》是孔子及其门徒留下来的遗书,分为“经”和“传”两个部分,“经”是“孔子
之言而曾子述之”,“传”是“曾子之言而门人记之”。
《大学》记述的是孔子及其弟子特别是曾子论“礼”的教育思想,其主旨即在说明“大
学之道”,即大学教育的目的、内容、步骤、方法及指导方针,可以说是儒家教育的纲
领性论著,是一篇中国古代论述修身治国的佳作,不仅充满了中国古代的政治观和伦理
观,而且洋溢着古代儒家学者治学修身的颇有价值的教育思想。
现行的《大学》共有三种不同的本子:(1)郑玄所注《小戴礼记》第四十二篇全文,
王守仁尊之为“《大学》古本”。(2)由程颢、程颐兄弟及朱熹所改定的“大学章句”本。
(3)魏正始四年刻的“三体石经”本,亦称“石经大学古本”。
大学之道[1],在明明德[2],在亲民[3],在止于至善[4]。知止而后有定[5],定而后能静,
静而后能安,安而后能虑,虑而后能得[6]。物有本末,事有终始。知所先后,则近道矣。
古之欲明明德于天下者,先治其国。欲治其国者,先齐其家[7],欲齐其家者,先修其
身[8]。欲修其身者,先正其心。欲正其心者,先诚其意。欲诚其意者,先致其知[9]。致知
在格物[10]。物格而后知至,知至而后意诚,意诚而后心正,心正而后身修,身修而后家齐,
家齐而后国治,国治而后天下平。
⊙ 注 释
[1] 大学之道:大学的宗旨。“大学”一词在古代有两种含义:一是“博学”的意思;
二是相对于小学而言的“大人之学”,治国平天下的学问。古人八岁入小学,学习“洒
扫应对进退、礼乐射御书数”等文化基础知识和礼节;十五岁入大学,学习伦理、政治、
哲学等“穷理正心,修己治人”的学问。所以,后一种含义其实也和前一种含义有相通
的地方,同样有“博学”的意思。“道”的本义是道路,引申为规律、原则等,在中国
古代哲学、政治学里,也指宇宙万物的本原、个体,一定的政治观或思想体系等,在不
同的上下文环境里有不同的意思。
[2] 明明德:前一个“明”作动词,有使动的意味,即“使彰明”,也就是发扬、弘
扬的意思。后一个“明”作形容词,明明德也就是指彰明人与生俱来的光明之德。
[3] 亲民:亲近于民。宋代儒学大师程朱二人指出,“亲”应读作“新”,有图新、
向新、革新的意思。
[4] 止于至善:达到至善的境地。
[5] 知止:知道止于至善的道理。
[6] 得:收获。
[7] 齐其家:管理好自己的家庭或家族,使家庭或家族和和美美,蒸蒸日上,兴旺
发达。
[8] 修其身:修养自身的品性。
[9] 致其知:使自己获得知识。
[10] 格物:认识、研究万事万物。
⊙ 阅读提示
古代的“大学”教育指的是最高层次、最完善的教育。“大学”与“小学”相对而言,
是说它不是讲“详训诂,明句读”的“小学”,而是讲治国安邦的大人之学。
《大学》文辞简约,内涵深刻,影响深远。本文从实用主义角度,对现代人如何做人、
做事、立业等均有深刻启迪意义。国父孙中山作三民主义之民族主义中第六讲题提到,“我
们现在要能够齐家、治国,不受外国的压迫,根本上便要从修身起,把中国固有知识一贯
的道理先恢复起来,然后我们民族的精神和民族的地位才都可以恢复。”
考察《大学》全书的文字结构,我们可以归纳为两大部分:
(1)“三纲领”:明明德、亲民、止于至善理想目标。
(2)“八条目”: 格物、致知、诚意、正心、修身、齐家、治国、平天下。
《大学》提出了“三纲领”和“八条目”,强调修己是治人的前提,修己的目的是为了
治国平天下,说明治国平天下和个人道德修养的一致性。《大学》开头就说:“大学之道,
在明明德,在亲民,在止于至善。”这就是后人所说的《大学》“三纲领”。所谓“明明德”,
就是发扬光大人所固有的天赋的光明道德。所谓“在亲民”,是指发扬了善性之后,即从
事治民。亲民即要亲爱人民。所谓“止于至善”,就是要求达到儒家封建伦理道德的至善境
界。“为人君止于仁,为人臣止于敬,为人子止于孝,为人父止于慈,与国人交止于信。”
这是《大学》提出的教育纲领和培养目标。
格物、致知是指穷究事物的原理来获得知识。诚意就是“勿自欺”,不要“掩其不善
而著其善”。正心就是端正自己的心思。修身就是加强自身修养,提高自身素质。齐家就
是管理好自己的家庭、家族。治国、平天下是谈治理国家的事。怎样治理国家呢?首先要
作表率,自己讨厌的,不加给别人,要得众、慎得、生财、举贤。
⊙ 相关链接
“四书五经”及对后世的社会影响
“四书五经”是“四书”和“五经”的合称,是体现儒家思想的主要经典著作。“四
书”是指《论语》《孟子》《大学》和《中庸》;而“五经”是指《诗经》《尚书》《礼记》
《周易》和《春秋》,简称“诗、书、礼、易、春秋”,在之前,还有一本《乐经》,合称“诗、
书、礼、乐、易、春秋”,这六本书也被称做“六经”。“六经”又称“六艺”,不过,“六艺”
古时又指周代教育贵族子弟的六种科目,即“礼、乐、射、御、书、数”。《周礼· 保氏》曰:
“养国子以道,乃教之六艺:一曰五礼,二曰六乐,三曰五射,四曰五驭,五曰六书,六曰
九数。”后来《乐经》亡佚了,就只剩下“五经”。“五经”的内涵在后世不断扩大,南宋
后形成了“十三经”,分别是《易经》《尚书》《诗经》《周礼》《仪礼》《礼记》《春秋左传》
《春秋公羊传》《春秋榖梁传》《论语》《孝经》《尔雅》《孟子》。
“四书五经”是南宋以后儒学的基本书目,儒生学子的必修之书,是古代科举考试的
指定用书,是中国传统文化的宝典,也是儒家思想的核心载体。“四书五经”翔实地记载
了中华民族思想文化发展史上最活跃时期的政治、军事、外交、文化等各方面的史实资料
以及影响中国文化几千年的孔孟儒家哲学思想。时至今日,“四书五经”所载内容及儒家
哲学思想仍对我们现代人具有积极的意义和极强的参考价值。儒家思想对社会规范、人际
交流,社会文化等产生不可估量的影响,其影响播于海内外,福荫子孙
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