宇宙学的物理基础：Physical Foundations of Cosmology

图书标准信息

• 作者 [德]马克翰维 著
• 出版社 世界图书出版公司
• 出版时间 2009-01
• 版次 1
• ISBN 9787506292740
• 定价 69.00元
• 装帧 平装
• 开本 16开
• 纸张 胶版纸
• 页数 421页
• 正文语种 简体中文，英语

【内容简介】

　　Thisbookismeanttobeneitherencyclopedicnorasourcebookforthemostrecentobservationaldata.Infact,Iavoidaltogetherthepresentationofdata;afterallthedatachangeveryquicklyandareeasilyaccessiblefromnumerousavailablemonographsaswellasontheIntemet.Furthermore,Ihaveintentionallyrestrictedthediscussioninthisbooktoresultsthathaveasolidbasis.Ibelieveitisprematuretopresentdetailedmathematicalconsiderationofcontroversialtopicsinabookonthefoundationsofcosmologyand,therefore,suchtopicsarecoveredonlyataveryelementarylevel.

【目录】

ForewordbyProfessorAndreiLindePreface
Acknowledgements
Unitsandconventions
PartIHomogeneousisotropicuniverse
1Kinematicsanddynamicsofanexpandinguniverse
1．1Hubblelaw
1．2DynamicsofdustinNewtoniancosmology
1．2．1Continuityequation
1．2．2Accelerationequation
1．2．3Newtoniansolutions
1．3FromNewtoniantorelativisticcosmology
lForewordbyProfessorAndreiLindePreface
Acknowledgements
Unitsandconventions
PartIHomogeneousisotropicuniverse
1Kinematicsanddynamicsofanexpandinguniverse
1．1Hubblelaw
1．2DynamicsofdustinNewtoniancosmology
1．2．1Continuityequation
1．2．2Accelerationequation
1．2．3Newtoniansolutions
1．3FromNewtoniantorelativisticcosmology
1．3．1Geometryofanhomogeneous，isotropicspace
1．3．2TheEinsteinequationsandcosmicevolution
1．3．3Friedmannequations
1．3．4Conformaltimeandrelativisticsolutions
1．3．5Milneuniverse
1．3．6DeSitteruniverse
2Propagationoflightandhorizons
2．1Lightgeodesics
2．2Horizons
2．3Conformaldiagrams
2．4Redshifl
2．4．1Redshiflasameasureoftimeanddistance
2．5Kinematictests
2．5．1Angulardiameter-redshiftrelation
2．5．2Luminosity—redshiflrelation
2．5．3Numbercounts
2．5．4Redshiftevolution
3Thehotuniverse
3．1Thecompositionoftheuniverse
3．2Briefthermalhistory
3．3Rudimentsofthermodynamics
3．3．1Maximalentropystate，thermalspectrum，conservationlawsandchemicalpotentials
3．3．2Energydensity，pressureandtheequationofstate
3．3．3Calculatingintegrals
3．3．4Ultra—relativisticparticles
3．3．5Nonrelativisticparticles
3．4Leptonera
3．4．1ChemicaIpotentials
3．4．2NeutrinodecouplingandelectrOn—pOsitrOnannihilation
3．5NucleOsvnthesis
3．5．1Freeze—OUtofneutrons
3．5．2“Deuteriumbottleneck”
3．5．3Helium一4
3．5．4Deuterium
3．5．5Theotherlightelements
3．6Recombination
3．6．1Heliumrecombination
3．6．2Hydrogenrecombination：equilibriumconsideration
3．6．3Hydrogenrecombination：thekineticapproach
4Theveryearlyuniverse
4．1Basics
4．1．1Localgaugeinvariance
4．1．2Non—Abeliangaugetheories
4．2Quantumchromodynamicsandquark-gluonplasma
4．2．1Runningcouplingconstantandasymptoticfreedom
4．2．2Cosmologicalquark-gluonphasetransition
4．3Electroweaktheory
4．3．1Fermioncontent
4．3．2“Spontaneousbreaking”ofU(1)symmetry
4．3．3Gaugebosons
4．3．4Fermioninteractions
4．3．5Fermionmasses
4．3．6CPviolation
4．4“Symmetryrestoration”andphasetransitions
4．4．1Effectivepotential
4．4．2U(l)model
4．4．3Symmetryrestorationathightemperature
4．4．4Phasetransitions
4．4．5Electroweakphasetransition
4．5Instantons．sphaleronsandtheearlyuniverse
4．5．1Particleescapefromapotentialwell
4．5．2Decayofthemetastablevacuum
4．5．3Thevacuumstructureofgaugetheories
4．5．4Chiralanomalyandnonconservationofthefermionnumber
4．6BeyondtheStandardModel
4．6．1Darkmattercandidates
4．6．2Baryogenesis
4．6．3Topologicaldefects
5InflationI：homogeneouslimit
5．1Problemofinitialconditions
5．2Inflation：mainidea
5．3Howcangravitybecome“repulsive”?
5．4HowtorealizetheequationofstateP≈一#####
5．4．1Simpleexample：V=m2#4#####
5．4．2Generalpotential：slow—rollapproximation
5．5Preheatingandreheating
5．5．1Elementarytheory
5．5．2Narrowresonance
5．5．3Broadresonance
5．5．4Implications
5．6“Menu”ofscenarios

PartIIInhomogeneousuniverse
6GravitationalinstabilityinNewtoniantheory
6．1Basicequations
6．2Jeanstheory
6．2．1Adiabaticperturbations
6．2．2Vectorperturbations
6．2．3Entropyperturbations
6．3Instabilityinanexpandinguniverse
6．3．1Adiabaticperturbations
6．3．2Vectorperturbations
6．3．3Self-similarsolution
6．3．4Coldmatterinthepresenceofradiationordarkenergy
6．4Beyondlinearapproximation
6．4．1Tolmansolution
6．4．2Zel’dovichsolution
6．4．3Cosmicweb
7GravitationalinstabilityinGeneralRelativity
7．1Perturbationsandgauge—invariantvariables
7．1．1Classificationofperturbations
7．1．2Gaugetransformationsandgauge—invariantvariables
7．1．3COOrdinatesystems
7．2Equationsforcosmologicalperturbations
7．3Hydrodynamicalperturbations
7．3．1Scalarperturbations
7．3．2Vectorandtensorperturbations
7．4Baryon-radiationplasmaandcolddarkmatter
7．4．1Equations
7．4．2Evolutionofperturbationsandtransferfunctions
8InflationII：originoftheprimordialinhomogeneities
8．1Characterizingperturbations
8．2Perturbationsoninflation(slow—rollapproximation)
8．2．1InsidetheHubblescale
8．2．2Thespectrumofgeneratedperturbations
8．2．3WhydOweneedinflation?
8．3Quantumcosmologicalperturbations
8．3．1Equations
8．3．2Classicalsolutions
8．3．3Quantizingperturbations
8．4Gravitationawavesfrominflation
8．5Self_reDroductiOnoftheuniverse
8．6Infationasatheorywithpredictivepower
9Cosmicmicrowavebackgroundanisotropies
9．1Basics
9．2Sachs-Wolfeeflfect
9．3Initialconditions
9．4Correlationfunctionandmultipoles
9．5Anisotropiesonlargeangularscales
9．6Delayedrecombinationandthefinitethicknesseffect
9．7Anisotropiesonsmallangularscales
9．7．1Transferfunctions
9．7．2Multipolemoments
9．7．3Parameters
9．7．4Calculatingthespectrum
9．8Determiningcosmicparameters
9．9Gravitationalwaves
9．10Polarizationofthecosmicmicrowavebackground
9．10．1Polarizationtensor
9．10．2Thomsonscatteringandpolarization
9．10．3Delayedrecombinationandpolarization
9．10．4EandBpolarizationmodesandcorrelationfunctions
9．1lReionization
Bibliography
Expandinguniverse(Chapters1and2)
Hotuniverseandnucleosvnthesis(Chapter3)
Particlephysicsandearlyuniverse(Chapter4)
Inflation(Chapters5and8)
Gravitationalinstability(Chapters6and7)
CMBfluctuations(Chapter9)
lndex
3．1Geometryofanhomogeneous，isotropicspace
1．3．2TheEinsteinequationsandcosmicevolution
1．3．3Friedmannequations
1．3．4Conformaltimeandrelativisticsolutions
1．3．5Milneuniverse
1．3．6DeSitteruniverse
2Propagationoflightandhorizons
2．1Lightgeodesics
2．2Horizons
2．3Conformaldiagrams
2．4Redshifl
2．4．1Redshiflasameasureoftimeanddistance
2．5Kinematictests
2．5．1Angulardiameter-redshiftrelation
2．5．2Luminosity—redshiflrelation
2．5．3Numbercounts
2．5．4Redshiftevolution
3Thehotuniverse
3．1Thecompositionoftheuniverse
3．2Briefthermalhistory
3．3Rudimentsofthermodynamics
3．3．1Maximalentropystate，thermalspectrum，conservationlawsandchemicalpotentials
3．3．2Energydensity，pressureandtheequationofstate
3．3．3Calculatingintegrals
3．3．4Ultra—relativisticparticles
3．3．5Nonrelativisticparticles
3．4Leptonera
3．4．1ChemicaIpotentials
3．4．2NeutrinodecouplingandelectrOn—pOsitrOnannihilation
3．5NucleOsvnthesis
3．5．1Freeze—OUtofneutrons
3．5．2“Deuteriumbottleneck”
3．5．3Helium一4
3．5．4Deuterium
3．5．5Theotherlightelements
3．6Recombination
3．6．1Heliumrecombination
3．6．2Hydrogenrecombination：equilibriumconsideration
3．6．3Hydrogenrecombination：thekineticapproach
4Theveryearlyuniverse
4．1Basics
4．1．1Localgaugeinvariance
4．1．2Non—Abeliangaugetheories
4．2Quantumchromodynamicsandquark-gluonplasma
4．2．1Runningcouplingconstantandasymptoticfreedom
4．2．2Cosmologicalquark-gluonphasetransition
4．3Electroweaktheory
4．3．1Fermioncontent
4．3．2“Spontaneousbreaking”ofU(1)symmetry
4．3．3Gaugebosons
4．3．4Fermioninteractions
4．3．5Fermionmasses
4．3．6CPviolation
4．4“Symmetryrestoration”andphasetransitions
4．4．1Effectivepotential
4．4．2U(l)model
4．4．3Symmetryrestorationathightemperature
4．4．4Phasetransitions
4．4．5Electroweakphasetransition
4．5Instantons．sphaleronsandtheearlyuniverse
4．5．1Particleescapefromapotentialwell
4．5．2Decayofthemetastablevacuum
4．5．3Thevacuumstructureofgaugetheories
4．5．4Chiralanomalyandnonconservationofthefermionnumber
4．6BeyondtheStandardModel
4．6．1Darkmattercandidates
4．6．2Baryogenesis
4．6．3Topologicaldefects
5InflationI：homogeneouslimit
5．1Problemofinitialconditions
5．2Inflation：mainidea
5．3Howcangravitybecome“repulsive”?
5．4HowtorealizetheequationofstateP≈一#####
5．4．1Simpleexample：V=m2#4#####
5．4．2Generalpotential：slow—rollapproximation
5．5Preheatingandreheating
5．5．1Elementarytheory
5．5．2Narrowresonance
5．5．3Broadresonance
5．5．4Implications
5．6“Menu”ofscenarios

PartIIInhomogeneousuniverse
6GravitationalinstabilityinNewtoniantheory
6．1Basicequations
6．2Jeanstheory
6．2．1Adiabaticperturbations
6．2．2Vectorperturbations
6．2．3Entropyperturbations
6．3Instabilityinanexpandinguniverse
6．3．1Adiabaticperturbations
6．3．2Vectorperturbations
6．3．3Self-similarsolution
6．3．4Coldmatterinthepresenceofradiationordarkenergy
6．4Beyondlinearapproximation
6．4．1Tolmansolution
6．4．2Zel’dovichsolution
6．4．3Cosmicweb
7GravitationalinstabilityinGeneralRelativity
7．1Perturbationsandgauge—invariantvariables
7．1．1Classificationofperturbations
7．1．2Gaugetransformationsandgauge—invariantvariables
7．1．3COOrdinatesystems
7．2Equationsforcosmologicalperturbations
7．3Hydrodynamicalperturbations
7．3．1Scalarperturbations
7．3．2Vectorandtensorperturbations
7．4Baryon-radiationplasmaandcolddarkmatter
7．4．1Equations
7．4．2Evolutionofperturbationsandtransferfunctions
8InflationII：originoftheprimordialinhomogeneities
8．1Characterizingperturbations
8．2Perturbationsoninflation(slow—rollapproximation)
8．2．1InsidetheHubblescale
8．2．2Thespectrumofgeneratedperturbations
8．2．3WhydOweneedinflation?
8．3Quantumcosmologicalperturbations
8．3．1Equations
8．3．2Classicalsolutions
8．3．3Quantizingperturbations
8．4Gravitationawavesfrominflation
8．5Self_reDroductiOnoftheuniverse
8．6Infationasatheorywithpredictivepower
9Cosmicmicrowavebackgroundanisotropies
9．1Basics
9．2Sachs-Wolfeeflfect
9．3Initialconditions
9．4Correlationfunctionandmultipoles
9．5Anisotropiesonlargeangularscales
9．6Delayedrecombinationandthefinitethicknesseffect
9．7Anisotropiesonsmallangularscales
9．7．1Transferfunctions
9．7．2Multipolemoments
9．7．3Parameters
9．7．4Calculatingthespectrum
9．8Determiningcosmicparameters
9．9Gravitationalwaves
9．10Polarizationofthecosmicmicrowavebackground
9．10．1Polarizationtensor
9．10．2Thomsonscatteringandpolarization
9．10．3Delayedrecombinationandpolarization
9．10．4EandBpolarizationmodesandcorrelationfunctions
9．1lReionization
Bibliography
Expandinguniverse(Chapters1and2)
Hotuniverseandnucleosvnthesis(Chapter3)
Particlephysicsandearlyuniverse(Chapter4)
Inflation(Chapters5and8)
Gravitationalinstability(Chapters6and7)
CMBfluctuations(Chapter9)
lndex