目录 Chapter 1 Acoustics and Articulation 1.1 Speech perception 1.1.1 Definition of speech perception 1.1.2 Acoustic cues 1.1.3 Perception of continuous speech 1.1.4 Theories of speech perception 1.2 Speech production 1.2.1 The stages of speech production 1.2.2 The speech chain 1.2.3 Organs of speech 1.2.4 Articulatory description of speech sounds Summary Exercises Further reading Chapter 2 The English Pronunciation and Phonetic Transcriptions 2.1 Received Pronunciation (RP) 2.2 General American (GA) 2.3 Pronunciation differences between Received Pronunciation and General American 2.3.1 Vowel differences 2.3.2 Consonantal differences 2.4 Phonetic transcriptions and the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) 2.4.1 Why do people use phonetic transcription? 2.4.2 Introduction to IPA 2.4.3 Diacritics 2.4.4 Broad and narrow transcriptions Summary Exercises Further reading Chapter 3 English Consonants 3.1 The manners of articulation 3.2 The places of articulation 3.3 Teaching of consonants Summary Exercises Further reading Chapter 4 English Vowels 4.1 The Cardinal Vowel system 4.2 The criteria of vowel description 4.3 The classification of vowels 4.4 Teaching of vowels Summary Exercises Further reading Chapter 5 Phonemes and Phonology 5.1 Phonetics and phonology 5.2 Phonemic system 5.2.1 Phoneme 5.2.2 Phonological rules 5.3 Distinctive features 5.4 Allophone 5.4.1 Phonemic contrast 5.4.2 Complementary distribution 5.4.3 Free variation Summary Exercises Further reading Chapter 6 Syllables and Suprasegmental Features 6.1 Syllable 6.1.1 Phonological structure of a syllable 6.1.2 Classification of syllables 6.2 Stress 6.2.1 Word stress 6.2.2 Sentence stress 6.3 Strong forms and weak forms 6.4 Length 6.5 Rhythm 6.6 Pitch 6.7 Intonation and tone 6.7.1 Types of intonation 6.7.2 Functions and uses of intonation 6.7.3 Tone Summary Exercises Further reading References
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