目录 Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Definition of Engineering Surveying 1.2 Contents of Engineering Surveying 1.2.1 Planning Design 1.2.2 Building Construction 1.2.3 Operation Management 1.3 Historic Overview of Engineering Surveying 1.4 FIG Commission 6: Engineering Surveys References Chapter 2 Applications of Topographic Map in Project Planning Design 2.1 Engineering Project Management Overview 2.1.1 Project 2.1.2 Project Management 2.1.3 Engineering Survey Project 2.2 Applications of Topographic Map in Planning Design 2.2.1 Roles of Topographic Maps 2.2.2 Uncertainty Analysis for Large-scale Topographic Mapping 2.2.3 Engineering Design Requirements for Topographic Maps References Chapter 3 Route Surveying and Earthwork Computations 3.1 Introduction 3.1.1 Basic Concepts 3.1.2 Unification of Three Stage-wise Control Networks 3.2 Preliminary Surveys 3.2.1 Horizontal Control 3.2.2 Vertical Control 3.2.3 Topographic Mapping 3.3 Staking Out Surveying 3.3.1 Staking Out the Route Centerline Using a Total Station System 3.3.2 Staking Out with RTK GNSS 3.4 Longitudinal and Cross Section Profile Survey 3.4.1 Definitions and Tasks 3.4.2 Longitudinal Profile Surveying and Plotting 3.4.3 Cross Section Surveying and Plotting 3.5 Volumes of Earthwork Computations 3.5.1 Digital Terrain Model 3.5.2 Area Computations 3.5.3 Volumes of Earthwork and Applications References Chapter 4 Hydrographic Surveys 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Specifications and Technique Planning 4.2.1 Technical Specification 4.2.2 Technical Planning 4.2.3 Hydrographic Survey Control 4.3 Bathymetric Surveys 4.3.1 The Principle of Sounding 4.3.2 Sounding Lines 4.3.3 Sounding Tools 4.3.4 Corrections to Soundings 4.4 Positioning Systems 4.4.1 Visual Survey Methods 4.4.2 Electronic Survey Methods 4.4.3 GNSS Methods 4.5 Observation of Water Surface Elevation 4.5.1 Elevation Reference Datum 4.5.2 Observation Tools 4.5.3 Working Water Level Calculations 4.6 Survey Report and Applications 4.6.1 Graphic Report 4.6.2 Written Report 4.6.3 Applications References Chapter 5 Quality Analysis and Optimal Design of Engineering Control Networks 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Overview of Parametric Least-squares Adjustment 5.2.1 The Principle 5.2.2 Least-squares Solution 5.3 Quality Analysis of Control Networks 5.3.1 Measures of Precision 5.3.2 Reliability and Outlier Detection 5.3.3 Sensitivity 5.3.4 Cost 5.4 Optimal Network Design 5.4.1 Generals 5.4.2 Network Design Problems 5.4.3 Approaches to the Optimal Design References Chapter 6 Laying Out Techniques 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Error Analysis in Construction Surveying 6.2.1 Construction Tolerance and Allowance 6.2.2 Error Analysis and Partition 6.2.3 Error Behaviour in Surveying vs. in Laying out 6.3 Laying Out Horizontal Positions 6.3.1 Laying Out Using Polar Coordinates 6.3.2 Laying Out Using Rectangular Coordinates 6.3.3 Laying Out Using Free Station 6.3.4 _ Other Laying Out Methods 6.4 Elevation Laying Out Techniques 6.4.1 Laying Out Using Spirit Leveling 6.4.2 Laying Out Using Trigonometric Leveling 6.5 Laying Out Using GNSS Receivers References Chapter 7 Laying Out Horizontal Curves 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Circular Curves 7.2.1 Basic Elements and Terminology of a Circular Curve 7.2.2 Circular Curve Formulae 7.2.3 Mileage Computation of Key Points 7.2.4 Staking Out Key Points 7.3 Transition Curves 7.3.1 Superelevation 7.3.2 Transition Curve 7.3.3 Geometry of a Composite Curve 7.3.4 Coordinating a Transition Curve 7.3.5 Stationing Data of Key P
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