应急减灾安全常识
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作者路一平//王丽君//王媛媛//咸秀柔//赵宇鹏等|责编:李晴
出版社科技文献
ISBN9787518999705
出版时间2022-12
装帧平装
开本其他
定价48元
货号31705620
上书时间2024-06-23
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作者简介
路一平，河北北方学院图书馆副馆长，副研究馆员。长期从事图书情报及自动化管理研究。主持或参与省部级科研项目多项。对公共安全与防灾减灾措施及管理有着深入研究。多项相关专利已作成果转化并投入实践。担任北京2022年冬奥会和冬残奥会住宿设施团队驻地经理。
目录
目 录
1 公共安全与应急管理 ···········································································1
1.1 公共安全 ·····················································································1
1.1.1 安全观的历史演变 ·······························································1
1.1.2 我国公共安全研究现状 ·························································2
1.1.3 公共安全文化 ······································································4
1.1.4 公共安全管理和危机应急 ·····················································6
1.2 防灾减灾理念 ··············································································8
1.2.1 灾害对人类社会造成的消极影响 ··········································8
1.2.2 灾害管理的发展 ···································································9
1.2.3 当前我国安全治理面临的问题 ·············································11
1.2.4 防灾减灾新理念：建设“韧性城市” ···································13
1.2.5 “两个坚持、三个转变” ····················································14
1.3 减灾文化与国际减灾 ····································································16
1.3.1 灾害文化的内涵 ··································································16
1.3.2 国际减灾十年计划 ······························································17
1.3.3 国际减灾日 ········································································19
1.3.4 世界减灾大会 ·····································································21
1.3.5 国际安全减灾经验 ······························································22
1.4 应急管理 ····················································································24
1.4.1 突发事件及其基本特征 ························································24
1.4.2 应急管理概述 ·····································································25
1.4.3 我国应急管理的发展历程 ····················································26
1.4.4 应急管理中的“一案三制” ·················································27
1.4.5 应急响应和应急处置 ···························································29
1.4.6 应急备灾 ············································································30
1.5 科普宣传 ····················································································31
1.5.1 提高公众的安全意识是减轻灾害损失的有效手段 ··················31
1.5.2 防灾减灾科普宣传是一项长期的艰苦工作 ·····························33
1.5.3 加强舆论引导，有效利用媒体应对突发事件 ·························35
2 常见的主要自然灾害 ··········································································38
2.1 自然灾害概述 ·············································································38
2.1.1 自然灾害的类型和特点 ························································38
2.1.2 我国自然灾害的特点 ···························································40
2.1.3 自然灾害对人类的影响 ························································41
2.1.4 自然灾害产生的原因 ···························································43
2.1.5 自然灾害管理现状 ······························································44
2.1.6 自然灾害的防治和应对 ························································46
2.2 气象灾害 ····················································································48
2.2.1 气象灾害概述 ·····································································48
2.2.2 我国气象灾害及其特点 ························································50
2.2.3 我国气象防灾减灾工作概况 ·················································53
2.2.4 常见气象灾害形成的原因 ····················································55
2.2.5 防治政策和应对措施 ···························································57
2.3 常见的气象灾害 —— 旱涝 ····························································58
2.3.1 旱涝灾害概述 ·····································································58
2.3.2 洪涝灾害的严重性 ······························································59
2.3.3 引发洪涝灾害的原因 ···························································60
2.3.4 洪涝灾害的防治政策和应对措施 ··········································61
2.3.5 干旱灾害 ············································································63
2.4 地质灾害 ····················································································65
2.4.1 地质灾害概述 ·····································································65
2.4.2 地质灾害防灾减灾工作开展现状 ··········································67
2.4.3 我国地质灾害特点及防灾形势 ·············································68
2.4.4 地质灾害形成原因 ······························································70
2.4.5 防治政策和应对措施 ···························································72
2.5 常见的地质灾害 —— 地震 ····························································74
2.5.1 地震灾害概述 ·····································································74
2.5.2 造成我国地震灾害严重的主要原因 ·······································76
2.5.3 地震灾害的影响 ··································································78
2.5.4 地震次生灾害的形成原因 ····················································79
2.5.5 防治政策和应对措施 ···························································80
3 人为灾害 ··························································································84
3.1 人为灾害概述 ·············································································84
3.1.1 人为灾害概念及分类 ···························································84
3.1.2 我国人为灾害的研究和管理现状 ··········································85
3.1.3 人为灾害的特点 ··································································87
3.1.4 常见的人为灾害产生的主要原因 ··········································88
3.1.5 人为灾害的防范 ··································································89
3.2 交通事故 ····················································································92
3.2.1 交通事故概述 ·····································································92
3.2.2 我国交通事故的现状 ···························································93
3.2.3 常见交通事故的形成原因 ····················································94
3.2.4 交通事故的防范 ··································································97
3.3 生命线系统事故 ········································································100
3.3.1 生命线系统事故概述 ·························································100
3.3.2 生命线系统事故现状 ·························································101
3.3.3 常见的生命线系统事故形成原因 ········································102
3.3.4 生命线系统事故的防范 ······················································104
3.4 火灾事故 ··················································································107
3.4.1 火灾事故概述 ···································································107
3.4.2 我国火灾事故现状 ····························································109
3.4.3 常见的火灾事故形成原因 ··················································110
3.4.4 火灾事故的防范 ································································112
3.5 安全生产事故 ···········································································115
3.5.1 安全生产概述 ···································································115
3.5.2 我国安全生产现状 ····························································116
3.5.3 企业安全生产事故发生的常见原因 ·····································117
3.5.4 安全生产事故的防范 ·························································119
3.6 踩踏事故 ··················································································121
3.6.1 踩踏事故概述 ···································································121
3.6.2 发生踩踏事故的常见原因 ··················································122
3.6.3 踩踏事故的防范 ································································124
4 公共卫生事件 ··················································································127
4.1 公共卫生事件概述 ·····································································127
4.1.1 公共卫生事件的概念和分级 ···············································127
4.1.2 公共卫生事件的特点 ·························································130
4.1.3 公共卫生事件的危害 ·························································131
4.1.4 国外应对公共卫生事件的经验 ···········································133
4.1.5 公共卫生事件的处置和应对 ···············································135
4.2 重大传染病和动物疫情 ······························································138
4.2.1 重大传染病概述 ································································138
4.2.2 人类历史上重大传染疾病 ··················································139
4.2.3 我国在应对重大传染病方面的进展 ·····································141
4.2.4 常见的传染病分类 ····························································143
4.2.5 动物疫情 ··········································································144
4.2.6 疫情防控应对措施 ····························································145
4.2.7 新冠肺炎防护建议 ····························································147
4.3 食品安全事件 ···········································································149
4.3.1 食品安全事件概述 ····························································149
4.3.2 我国食品安全的现状 ·························································150
4.3.3 食品安全事件的特点 ·························································151
4.3.4 食品安全事件的分类 ·························································153
4.3.5 食品安全事件的预防 ·························································154
4.3.6 食品安全事件的处置和应对 ···············································156
4.4 职业中毒和急性化学中毒 ···························································158
4.4.1 职业中毒概述 ···································································158
4.4.2 职业中毒的类型 ································································15
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