目录 导读 Preface Introduction Anne Abeille 1 BUILDING TREEBANKS 2 USING TREEBANKS Part Ⅰ BUILDING TREEBANKS ENGLISH TREEBANKS Chapter 1 THE PENN TREEBANK:AN OVERVIEW Ann Taylor, Mitchell Marcus, Beatrice Santorini INTRODUTION 1 THE ANNOTATION SCHEMES 2 METHODOLOGY 3 CONCLUSIONS Chapter 2 THOUGHTS ON TWO DECADES OF DRAWING TREES Geoffrey Sampson 1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 2 BUILDING TREEBANKS 3 EXPLOITING THE SUSANNE TREEBANK 4 SMALL IS BEAUTIFUL 5 ANNOTATING A SPOKEN CORPUS 6 USING THE CHRISTINE CORPUS 7 CONCLUSION Chapter 3 BANK OF ENGLISH AND BEYOND Timo Jarvinen 1 INTRODUCTION 2 ANNOTATING 200 MILLION WORDS 3 ENGCG SYNTAX 4 FDG PARSER 5 CONCLUSION Chapter 4 COMPLETING PARSED CORPORA Sean Wallis 1 INTRODUCTION 2 CONVENTIONAL POST-CORRECTION 3 A PARADIGM SHIFT: TRANSVERSE CORRECTION 4 CRITIQUE GERMAN TREEBANKS Chapter 5 SYNTACTIC ANNOTATION OF A GERMAN NEWSPAPER CORPUS Thorsten Brants, Wojciech Skut, Hans Uszkoreit 1 INTRODUCTION 2 TREEBANK DEVELOPMENT 3 CORPUS ANNOTATION 4 APPLICATIONS 5 CONCLUSIONS Chapter 6 ANNOTATION OF ERROR TYPES FOR A GERMAN NEWSGROUP CORPUS Markus Becker, Andrew Bredenkamp, Berthold Crysmann, Judith Klein 1 INTRODUCTION 2 CORPUS DESCRIPTION 3 ANNOTATION STRATEGY 4 ANNOTATION TOOLS 5 EVALUATION 6 FIRST RESULTS 7 CONCLUSION SLAVIC TREEBANKS Chapter 7 THE PRAGUE DEPENDENCY TREEBANK Alena Bohmova, Jan Hajicova, Eva Hajicova, Barbora Hladka 1 THE PRAGUE DEPENDENCY TREEBANK 2 MORPHOLOGICAL LEVEL 3 ANALYTICAL LEVEL 4 MERGING THE MORPHOLOGICAL AND THE ANALYTICAL SYNTACTIC LEVEL 5 TECTOGRAMMATICAL LEVEL 6 PDT VERSIONS 1.0 AND 2.0 7 CONCLUSION Chapter 8 AN HPSG-ANNOTATED TEST SUITE FOR POLISH Malgorzata Marciniak, Agnieszka Mykowiecka, Adam Przepiórkowski, Anna Kup 1 AIMS AND DESIGN CONSTRAINTS 2 CORRECTNESS AND COMPLEXITY MARKERS 3 LINGUISTIC PHENOMENA 4 ANNOTATION SCHEMA 5 IMPLEMENTATION ISSUES 6 CONCLUSION TREEBANKS FOR ROMANCE LANGUAGES Chapter 9 DEVELOPING A SYNTACTIC ANNOTATION SCHEME AND TOOLS FOR A SPANISH TREEBANK Antonio Moreno, Susana López, Fernando Sanchez, Ralph Grishman 1 INTRODUCTION 2 DATA SELECTION 3 ANNOTATION SCHEME 4 TOOLS 5 DEBUGGING AND ERROR STATISTICS 6 CURRENT STATE AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENT Chapter 10 BUILDING A TREEBANK FOR FRENCH Anne Abeille, Lionel Clement, Francois Toussenel INTRODUTION 1 THE TAGGING PHASE 2 THE PARSING PHASE 3 CURRENT STATE AND FUTURE WORK 4 CONCLUSION Chapter 11 BUILDING THE ITALIAN SYNTACTIC-SEMANTIC TREEBANK Simonetta Montemagni, Francesco Barsotti, Marco Battista, Nicoletta Calzolari, Ornella Corazzari, Alessandro Lenci.Antonio Zampolli, Francesca Fanciulli, Maria Massetani, Remo Raffaelli, Roberto Basili, Maria Teresa Pazienza, Dario Saracino, Fabio Zanzotto,Nadia Mana, Fabio Pianesi, Rodolfo Delmonte 1 INTRODUCTION 2 ISST ARCHITECTURE 3 ISST CORPUS 4 ISST MORPHO-SYNTACTIC ANNOTATION 5 ISST SYNTACTIC ANNOTATION 6 ISST LEXICO-SEMANTIC ANNOTATION 7 THE MULTI-LEVEL LINGUISTIC ANNOTATION TOOL 8 ISST EVALUATION 9 CONCLUSION Chapter 12 AUTOMATED CREATION OF A MEDIEVAL PORTUGUESE PARTIAL TREEBANK Vitor Rocio.Mario Amado Alves, J.Gabriel Lopes, Maria Francisca Xavier, Graca Vicente 1 INTRODUCTION 2 THE PARSED CORPUS OF MEDIEVAL PORTUGUESE TEXTS 3 TOOLS AND COMPUTATIONAL RESOURCES 4 EVALUATION 5 CONCLUSION TREEBANKS FOR OTHER LANGUAGES Chapter 13 SINICA TREEBANK Keh-Jiann Chen, Chi-Ching Luo, Ming-Chung Chang, Feng-Yi Chen, Chao-Jan Chen, Chu-Ren Huang, Zhao Ming Gao 1 INTRODUCTION 2 DESIGN CRITERIA 3 REPRESENTATION OF LEXICO-GRAMMATICAL INFORMATION: ICG 4 ANNOTATION GUIDELINE 5 IMPLEMENTATION 6 REPRESENTATIONAL ISSUES: PROBLEMATIC CASES AND HOW THEY ARE SOLVED 7 CURRENT STATUS OF THE SINICA TREEBANK AND FUTURE WORK Chapter 14 BUILDING A JAPANESE PARSED CORPUS Sadao Kurohashi, Makoto Nagao 1 INTRODUCTION 2 OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT 3 MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYZER JUMAN 4 DEPENDENCY STRUCTURE ANALYZER KNP 5 CONCLUSION Chapter 15 BUILDING A TURKISH TREEBANK Kemal Oflazer, Bilge Say, Dilek Zeynep Hakkani-Tür, Gokhan Tür 1 TURKISH: MORPHOLOGY AND SYNTAX 2 WHAT INFORMATION NEEDS TO BE REPRESENTED? 3 THE ANNOTATION TOOL 4 SOME DIFFICULT ISSUES 5 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK Part Ⅱ USING TREEBANKS Chapter 16 ENCODING SYNTACTIC ANNOTATION Nancy Ide, Laurent Romary 1 INTRODUCTION 2 XCES 3 SYNTACTIC ANNOTATION: CURRENT PRACTICE 4 A MODEL FOR SYNTACTIC ANNOTATION 5 USING THE XCES SCHEME 6 CONCLUSION EVALUATION WITH TREEBANKS Chapter 17 PARSER EVALUATION John Carroll, Guido Minnen, Ted Briscoe 1 INTRODUCTION 2 GRAMMATICAL RELATION ANNOTATION 3 CORPUS ANNOTATION 4 PARSER EVALUATION 5 DISCUSSION 6 SUMMARY Chapter 18 DEPENDENCY-BASED EVALUATION OF MINIPAR Dekang Lin 1 INTRODUCTION 2 DEPENDENCY-BASED PARSER EVALUATION 3 EVALUATION OF MINIPAR WITH SUSANNE CORPUS 4 SELECTIVE EVALUATION 5 RELATED WORK 6 CONCLUSIONS GRAMMAR INDUCTION WITH TREEBANKS Chapter 19 EXTRACTING STOCHASTIC GRAMMARS FROM TREEBANKS Rens Bod 1 INTRODUCTION 2 SUMMARY OF DATA-ORIENTED PARSING 3 SIMULATING STOCHASTIC GRAMMARS BY CONSTRAINING THE SUBTREE SET 4 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Chapter 20 A UNIFORM METHOD FOR AUTOMATICALLY EXTRACTING STOCHASTIC LEXICALIZED TREE GRAMMARS FROM TREEBANKS AND HPSG Günter Neumann 1 INTRODUCTION 2 RELATED WORK 3 GRAMMAR EXTRACTION 4 SLTG FROM TREEBANKS 5 SLTG FROM HPSG 6 FUTURE STEPS: TOWARDS MERGING SLTGS Chapter 21 FROM TREEBANK RESOURCES TO LFG F-STRUCTURES Anette Frank, Louisa Sadler, Josef van Genabith, Andy Way 1 INTRODUCTION 2 METHODS FOR AUTOMATIC F-STRUCTURE ANNOTATION 3 TWO EXPERIMENTS 4 DISCUSSION AND CURRENT RESEARCH 5 SUMMARY Contributing Authors Index
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