国际经济学(理论与政策国际金融全球版0版清华经济学系列英文版教材)(英文版)【正版新书】
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作者(美)保罗·R.克鲁格曼(Paul R. Krugman)，(美)莫里斯·奥伯斯法尔德(Maurice Obstfeld)，(美)马克·J.梅利兹(Marc J.Melitz)著
出版社清华大学出版社
ISBN9787302572558
出版时间2021-03
装帧平装
开本16开
定价69元
货号1202318157
上书时间2024-07-02
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作者简介
普林斯顿大学教授，2008年诺贝尔经济学奖获得者，目前还担任许多国家和地区的经济政策咨询顾问。他的主要研究领域包括靠前贸易、靠前金融、货币危机与汇率变化理论，被誉为当今世界上很令人瞩目的贸易理论家之一。
目录
Prefacexv
Introduction1
What Is International Economics About?3
The Gains from Trade4
The Pattern of Trade5
How Much Trade?5
Balance of Payments6
Exchange Rate Determination6
International Policy Coordination7
The International Capital Market8
International Economics: Trade and Money8
Part 1Exchange rates and Open-Economy Macroeconomics11
National Income Accounting and the Balance
of Payments11
The National Income Accounts13
National Product and National Income14
Capital Depreciation and International Transfers15
Gross Domestic Product15
National Income Accounting for an Open Economy16
Consumption16
Investment16
Government Purchases17
The National Income Identity for an Open Economy17
An Imaginary Open Economy18
The Current Account and Foreign Indebtedness18
Saving and the Current Account21
Private and Government Saving22
box: The Mystery of the Missing Deficit23
The Balance of Payments Accounts24
Examples of Paired Transactions25
The Fundamental Balance of Payments Identity27
The Current Account, Once Again27
The Capital Account28
The Finan Account29
Net Errors and Omissions30
Offi Reserve Transactions30
case study: The Assets and Liabilities of the World’s Biggest Debtor32
Summary35
Exchange Rates and the Foreign Exchange Market:
An Asset Approach40
Exchange Rates and International Transactions41
vii
Domestic and Foreign Prices42
Exchange Rates and Relative Prices43
The Foreign Exchange Market44
The Actors44
box: Exchange Rates, Auto Prices, and Currency Wars45
Characteristics of the Market46
Spot Rates and Forward Rates48
Foreign Exchange Swaps49
Futures and Options49
The Demand for Foreign Currency Assets50
Assets and Asset Returns50
box: Nondeliverable Forward Exchange Trading in Asia51
Risk and Liquidity53
Interest Rates54
Exchange Rates and Asset Returns55
A Simple Rule56
Return, Risk, and Liquidity in the Foreign Exchange Market58
Equilibrium in the Foreign Exchange Market59
Interest Parity: The Basic Equilibrium Condition59
How Changes in the Current Exchange Rate Affect
Expected Returns60
The Equilibrium Exchange Rate61
Interest Rates, Expectations, and Equilibrium64
The Effect of Changing Interest Rates on the Current Exchange Rate64
The Effect of Changing Expectations on the Current Exchange Rate65
case study: What Explains the Carry Trade?66
Summary68
Appendix: Forward Exchange Rates and Covered Interest Parity74
Money, Interest Rates, and Exchange Rates77
Money Defined: A Brief Review78
Money as a Medium of Exchange78
Money as a Unit of Account78
Money as a Store of Value79
What Is Money?79
How the Money Supply Is Determined79
The Demand for Money by Individuals80
Expected Return80
Risk81
Liquidity81
Aggregate Money Demand81
The Equilibrium Interest Rate: The Interaction of Money Supply
and Demand83
Equilibrium in the Money Market83
Interest Rates and the Money Supply85
Output and the Interest Rate86
The Money Supply and the Exchange Rate in the Short Run87
Linking Money, the Interest Rate, and the Exchange Rate87
U.S. Money Supply and the Dollar/Euro Exchange Rate89
Europe’s Money Supply and the Dollar/Euro Exchange Rate90
Money, the Price Level, and the Exchange Rate in the Long Run92
Money and Money Prices92
The Long-Run Effects of Money Supply Changes93
Empirical Evidence on Money Supplies and Price Levels94
Money and the Exchange Rate in the Long Run95
Inflation and Exchange Rate Dynamics96
Short-Run Price Rigidity versus Long-Run Price Flexibility96
box: Money Supply Growth and Hyperinflation in Zimbabwe98
Permanent Money Supply Changes and the Exchange Rate99
Exchange Rate Overshooting101
case study: Can Higher Inflation Lead to Currency Appreciation? The Implications
of Inflation Targeting103
Summary106
Price Levels and the Exchange Rate in the Long Run111
The Law of One Price112
Purchasing Power Parity113
The Relationship between PPP and the Law of One Price113
Absolute PPP and Relative PPP114
A Long-Run Exchange Rate Model Based on PPP115
The Fundamental Equation of the Monetary Approach115
Ongoing Inflation, Interest Parity, and PPP117
The Fisher Effect118
Empirical Evidence on PPP and the Law of One Price121
Explaining the Problems with PPP123
Trade Barriers and Nontradables123
Departures from Free Competition124
Differences in Consumption Patterns and Price Level Measurement125
box: Some Meaty Evidence on the Law of One Price125
PPP in the Short Run and in the Long Run128
case study: Why Price Levels Are Lower in Poorer Countries129
Beyond Purchasing Power Parity: A General Model of Long-Run Exchange
Rates130
The Real Exchange Rate131
Demand, Supply, and the Long-Run Real Exchange Rate133
box: Sticky Prices and the Law of One Price: Evidence from Scandinavian
Duty-Free Shops133
Nominal and Real Exchange Rates in Long-Run Equilibrium136
International Interest Rate Differences and the Real Exchange Rate138
Real Interest Parity139
Summary141
Appendix: The Fisher Effect, the Interest Rate, and the Exchange Rate under
the Flexible-Price Monetary Approach146
Output and the Exchange Rate in the Short Run149
Determinants of Aggregate Demand in an Open Economy150
Determinants of Consumption Demand150
Determinants of the Current Account151
How Real Exchange Rate Changes Affect the Current Account152
How Disposable Income Changes Affect the Current Account153
The Equation of Aggregate Demand153
The Real Exchange Rate and Aggregate Demand153
Real Income and Aggregate Demand154
How Output Is Determined in the Short Run155
Output Market Equilibrium in the Short Run: The DD Schedule156
Output, the Exchange Rate, and Output Market Equilibrium156
Deriving the DD Schedule157
Factors that Shift the DD Schedule157
Asset Market Equilibrium in the Short Run: The AA Schedule160
Output, the Exchange Rate, and Asset Market Equilibrium161
Deriving the AA Schedule162
Factors that Shift the AA Schedule163
Short-Run Equilibrium for an Open Economy: Putting the DD and AA
Schedules Together164
Temporary Changes in Monetary and Fiscal Policy166
Monetary Policy166
Fiscal Policy167
Policies to Maintain Full Employment168
Inflation Bias and Other Problems of Policy Formulation169
Permanent Shifts in Monetary and Fiscal Policy170
A Permanent Increase in the Money Supply171
Adjustment to a Permanent Increase in the Money Supply172
A Permanent Fiscal Expansion173
Macroeconomic Policies and the Current Account175
Gradual Trade Flow Adjustment and Current Account Dynamics176
The J-Curve176
Exchange Rate Pass-Through and Inflation178
The Current Account, Wealth, and Exchange Rate Dynamics179
The Liquidity Trap179
case study: How Big Is the Government Spending Multiplier?182
Summary183
Appendix 1: Intertemporal Trade and Consumption Demand188
Appendix 2: The Marshall-Lerner Condition and Empirical Estimates
of Trade Elasticities190
Fixed Exchange Rates and Foreign Exchange
Intervention193
Why Study Fixed Exchange Rates?194
Central Bank Intervention and the Money Supply195
The Central Bank Balance Sheet and the Money Supply195
Foreign Exchange Intervention and the Money Supply197
Sterilization198
The Balance of Payments and the Money Supply198
How the Central Bank Fixes the Exchange Rate199
Foreign Exchange Market Equilibrium under a Fixed Exchange Rate200
Money Market Equilibrium under a Fixed Exchange Rate200
A Diagrammatic Analysis201
Stabilization Policies with a Fixed Exchange Rate202
Monetary Policy203
Fiscal Policy204
Changes in the Exchange Rate205
Adjustment to Fiscal Policy and Exchange Rate Changes206
Balance of Payments Crises and Capital Flight207
Managed Floating and Sterilized Intervention210
Perfect Asset Substitutability and the Ineffectiveness of Sterilized Intervention210
case study: Can Markets Attack a Strong Currency? The Case of Switzerland211
Foreign Exchange Market Equilibrium under Imperfect Asset Substitutability213
The Effects of Sterilized Intervention with Imperfect Asset Substitutability213
Evidence on the Effects of Sterilized Intervention215
Reserve Currencies in the World Monetary System216
The Mechanics of a Reserve Currency Standard216
The Asymmetric Position of the Reserve Center217
The Gold Standard218
The Mechanics of a Gold Standard218
Symmetric Monetary Adjustment under a Gold Standard218
Benefits and Drawbacks of the Gold Standard219
The Bimetallic Standard220
The Gold Exchange Standard220
case study: The Demand for International Reserves221
Summary225
Appendix 1: Equilibrium in the Foreign Exchange Market with Imperfect
Asset Substitutability230
Demand230
Supply231
Equilibrium231
Appendix 2: The Timing of Balance of Payments Crises233
Part 2 International Macroeconomic Policy236
International Monetary Systems: An Historical Overview236
Macroeconomic Policy Goals in an Open Economy237
Internal Balance: Full Employment and Price Level Stability238
External Balance: The Optimal Level of the Current Account239
box: Can a Country Borrow Forever? The Case of New Zealand241
Classifying Monetary Systems: The Open-Economy Monetary Trilemma245
International Macroeconomic Policy under the Gold Standard, 1870–1914246
Origins of the Gold Standard246
External Balance under the Gold Standard247
The Price-Specie-Flow Mechanism247
The Gold Standard “Rules of the Game”: Myth and Reality248
Internal Balance under the Gold Standard249
case study: The Political Economy of Exchange Rate Regimes: Conflict
over America’s Monetary Standard during the 1890s250
The Interwar Years, 1918–1939251
The Fleeting Return to G
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