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正版现货新书理解句法学第4版 9787302544753 (英)麦基·陶乐曼

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作者(英)麦基·陶乐曼

出版社清华大学出版社

ISBN9787302544753

出版时间2020-05

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开本16开

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货号1202094926

上书时间2024-12-02

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商品描述: 目录
Note to the instructor xxvi

Note to the student xxvii

Acknowledgements xxix

Abbreviations used in examples xxx

Tables and figures xxxi

1 What is syntax? 1

章节导读 1

1.1 Some concepts and misconceptions 2

1.1.1 What is the study of syntax about? 2

1.1.2 Language change 9

1.2 Use of linguistic examples 13

1.2.1 Why not just use examples from English? 13

1.2.2 How to read linguistic examples 14

1.3 Why do languages have syntax? 20

1.3.1 Word order 21

1.3.2 Promotion and demotion processes 23

1.3.3 All languages have structure 25

Further reading 28

Exercises 29

Notes 34

2 Words belong to different classes 35

章节导读 35

2.1 Identifying word classes 37

2.1.1 How can we tell that words belong to di erent classes? 37

2.1.2 Starting to identify nouns, adjectives and verbs 38

2.1.3 An illustration: How do speakers of a language identify word classes? 41

2.2 Verbs 44

2.2.1 An introduction to verb classes 44

2.2.2 Verbs and their grammatical categories 47

2.3 Nouns 51

2.3.1 Semantic roles for noun phrases 51

2.3.2 Syntactic roles for noun phrases 52

2.3.3 Nouns and their grammatical categories 56

2.3.4 Nouns, definiteness and determiners 59

2.4 Adjectives 61

2.4.1 Positions and functions of adjectives 61

2.4.2 Adjectives and intensi? ers 63

2.4.3 Adjectives and their grammatical categories 63

2.4.4 Are adjectives essential? 64

2.5 Adverbs 67

2.5.1 Adverbs and adjectives 67

2.5.2 e adjunct function 68

2.6 Prepositions 69

2.6.1 Identifying prepositions in English 69

2.6.2 Postpositions 71

2.6.3 Grammatical categories for adpositions 71

2.7 Conclusion 72

Further reading 73

Exercises 73

3 Looking inside sentences 81

章节导读 81

3.1 Finiteness and auxiliaries 82

3.1.1 Independent clauses 82

3.1.2 Finiteness 84

3.1.3 Main verbs and verbal auxiliaries 85

3.1.4 Ways to express the grammatical categories for verbs 88

3.1.5 Non-finite verbs 89

3.1.6 Co-ordination of clauses 93

3.1.7 Summary 93

3.2 Introduction to subordination 94

3.2.1 Complement clauses 94

3.2.2 Adjunct or adverbial clauses 98

3.2.3 Identifying subordinate clauses 98

3.2.4 Spe properties of root clauses 100

3.2.5 Some cross-linguistic variation in subordination 103

3.2.6 Summary: Properties of subordinate clauses and root clauses 104

3.3 Major cross-linguistic variations 105

3.3.1 e co-ordination strategy 105

3.3.2 Nominalization 106

3.3.3 Serial verbs 107

3.3.4 Summary 110

Further reading 111

Exercises 111

4 Heads and their dependents 120

章节导读 120

4.1 Heads and their dependents 121

4.1.1 What is a head? 121

4.1.2 e inuence of heads on their dependents 123

4.1.3 Summary: e properties of heads 124

4.1.4 More about dependents: Adjuncts and complements 125

4.1.5 More about verb classes: Verbs and their complements 127

4.1.6 Other heads and their complements 130

4.1.7 Summary: e main properties of complements vs. adjuncts 131

4.1.8 Is the noun phrase really a determiner phrase? 132

4.1.9 Phrases within phrases 133

4.2 Where does the head occur in a phrase? Head-initial and head-final languages 133

4.2.1 Head-initial languages 134

4.2.2 Head-final languages 135

4.2.3 An exercise on head-initial and head-final constructions 136

4.3 Head-marking and dependent-marking languages 137

4.3.1 Definitions and illustrations: Syntactic relationships between heads and dependents 137

4.3.2 Head adposition and its NP object 138

4.3.3 e clause: A head verb and the arguments of the verb 140

4.3.4 Head noun and dependent possessor NP 143

4.3.5 Head noun and dependent AP 144

4.3.6 An exercise on head-marking and dependent-marking 145

4.3.7 Some typological distinctions between languages 146

4.3.8 Summary 149

Further reading 149

Exercises 150

5 How do we identify constituents? 158

章节导读 158

5.1 Discovering the structure of sentences 159

5.1.1 Evidence of structure in sentences 159

5.1.2 Some syntactic tests for constituent structure 161

5.1.3 Introduction to constituent structure trees 167

5.1.4 Summary 172

5.2 Relationships within the tree 172

5.3 Developing detailed tree diagrams and tests for constituent structure 175

5.3.1 Verb classes and constituent structure tests 175

5.3.2 e co-ordination test for constituency 182

5.3.3 Do all languages have the same constituents? 184

5.3.4 An introduction to the bar notation 185

5.4 Summary 189

Further reading 189

Exercises 190

Note 195

6 Relationships within the clause 196

章节导读 196

6.1 Indicating grammatical relations in the clause 197

6.2 Order of phrases within the clause 199

6.2.1 Basic and marked orders 199

6.2.2 Statistical patterns 200

6.3 Case systems 203

6.3.1 Ways of dividing core arguments 203

6.3.2 Nominative/accusative systems 205

6.3.3 Ergative/absolutive systems 206

6.3.4 Split systems I 208

6.3.5 Marked and unmarked forms 210

6.4 Agreement and cross-referencing 211

6.4.1 What does verb agreement involve? 211

6.4.2 Nominative/accusative agreement systems 212

6.4.3 Ergative/absolutive agreement systems 215

6.4.4 Split systems II 216

6.5 Grammatical relations 217

6.5.1 Investigating core grammatical relations 217

6.5.2 Subjects: Typical cross-linguistic properties 217

6.5.3 An examination of subjects in specific languages 219

6.5.4 Objects 226

6.6 Free word order: A case study 228

6.7 Summary 231

Further reading 232

Exercises 233

7 Processes that change grammatical relations 241

章节导读 241

7.1 Passives and impersonals 242

7.1.1 e passive construction and transitive verbs 242

7.1.2 e impersonal construction 248

7.2 e antipassive 249

7.2.1 Basic facts 249

7.2.2 Primary grammatical relations and grammatical pivot 251

7.3 e applicative construction 257

7.4 e causative construction 261

7.5 Summary 266

Further reading 266

Exercises 266

Notes 276

8 Wh-constructions: Questions and relative clauses 277

章节导读 277

8.1 Wh-questions 278

8.1.1 Languages with wh-movement 278

8.1.2 Languages with wh-in-situ wh-questions 282

8.1.3 Multiple wh-questions 284

8.2 Relative clauses 286

8.2.1 Relative clauses in English 286

8.2.2 Cross-linguistic variation in relative clauses 289

8.3 Focus movements and scrambling 295

8.4 Some conclusions 297

Further reading 298

Exercises 298

Note 308

9 Asking questions about syntax 309

章节导读 309

9.1 Syntactic description: What questions to investigate 310

9.2 A case study: Grammatical sketch of Colloquial Welsh 313

9.3 Some questions concerning syntax 320

9.4 Last words: More syntax ahead 324

Sources of data used in examples 326

Glossary 329

References 334

内容摘要
《理解句法学（第4版）》全面涵盖了语言学重要分支，句法学研究的主要概念与范畴。历经多次修订，是一本句法学入门教材和句法分析训练教材。作者基于转换生成语法理论和思想，讲解层层递进、由浅入深，练习涉及丰富，切实训练读者分析问题和解决问题的能力。在阅读完《理解句法学（第4版）》之后，读者可以掌握句法学的基本概念和理论，并且具备初步的进行句法分析和研究的能力。

主编推荐
"本书是一本难得的句法学入门教材，也是靠前上被广泛采用的句法学教材之一。版出版于1998年，其后又经三次修订，现为第四版。本书具有以下几个特点：
（1）内容全面，结构安排合理：内容安排层层递进，讲解中恰当地辅以思考题，承上启下，便于读者进行深入学习与思考。章末以问题的形式总结本章节要点，丰富的练习题目帮助读者复习、巩固章节内容。
（2）实例丰富，语言朴素易懂：将抽象的句法学概念融入一百余种丰富具体的语言实例中，生动具体地展示句法学基本概念和基本理论。
（3）新增中文章节导读和内容注释：梳理章节核心内容，强化核心概念理解，增强学习效果。
"