Heloise and Abelard
法国哲学家埃蒂安纳.吉尔森著; 现货！非代购！非“海外库房”发货！
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作者Gilson, Etienne
出版社Henry Regnery
出版时间1951
印刷时间1951
装帧精装
页数194页
上书时间2023-11-15
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法语称皮埃尔·阿伯拉尔（Pierre Abelard, 1079～1142），法国人，我国从英语翻译为彼得·阿伯拉尔，法国哲学家，神学家。人称高卢的苏格拉底。哲学上采取概念论，既反对极端的实在论，又反对极端的唯名论，认为共相是存在于人心之中表示事物共性的概念。在其第一部著作《神学导论》中 ，针对安瑟伦的“先信仰而后理解”之说，提出信仰应建立在理性基础之上，后该书被判为异端遭焚。在《自我认识》一书中，强调动机决定行为之善恶，上帝所考虑的是人的意图，行为本身无所谓好坏。他于1115年在巴黎圣母院的注脚学校任神学教师，受到学生热烈拥戴。巴黎圣母院主教菲尔贝尔安排阿伯拉尔担任他才貌双全的侄女爱洛依丝（1101？-1164年）的导师。阿伯拉尔与爱洛依丝相爱，而且后来一起私奔。爱洛依丝生下儿子阿斯特莱伯斯之后，与阿伯拉尔结婚。然而，他们的关系惹怒了菲尔贝尔，他雇用了一帮恶棍袭击并阉割了阿伯拉尔。1118年，海洛伊斯被送进圣阿尔让特伊的女修道院做了修女，阿伯拉尔成为巴黎郊区圣丹尼斯修道院的修士。阿伯拉尔和爱洛依丝之间的情书幸存了下来，并且已经成为了文学上的经典。
Étienne Gilson (French: [ʒilsɔ̃]; 13 June 1884 – 19 September 1978) was a French philosopher and historian of philosophy. A scholar of medieval philosophy, he originally specialised in the thought of Descartes, yet also philosophized in the tradition of Thomas Aquinas, although he did not consider himself either a neo-Scholastic or neo-Thomist philosopher. In 1946 he attained the distinction of being elected an "Immortal" (member) of the Académie française.Born in Paris into a Roman Catholic family originally from Burgundy, Gilson attended the minor seminary at Notre-Dame-des-Champs, then finished his secondary education at the Lycée Henri IV. After finishing his military service, during which he began to read René Descartes, he studied for his licence (bachelor's degree), focusing on the influence of scholasticism on Cartesian thought. After studying at the Sorbonne under Victor Delbos (1862–1916) and Lucien Lévy-Bruhl and at the Collège de France under Henri Bergson, he finished his degree in Philosophy in 1906. In 1908 he married Thérèse Ravisé of Melun, and he taught in the high schools of Bourg-en-Bresse, Rochefort, Tours, Saint-Quentin and Angers.
In 1913, while employed in teaching at the University of Lille, he defended his doctoral dissertation at the University of Paris on "Liberty in Descartes and Theology". His career was interrupted by the outbreak of World War I, as he was drafted into the army as a sergeant. He served on the front and took part in the battle of Verdun as second lieutenant. He was captured in February 1916 and spent two years in captivity. During this time he devoted himself to new areas of study, including the Russian language and St. Bonaventure. He was later awarded the Croix de Guerre for bravery in action.
In 1919, he became professor of the history of Philosophy at the University of Strasbourg. From 1921 to 1932, he taught the history of medieval philosophy at the University of Paris. As an internationally renowned, Gilson was first, along with Jacques Maritain, to receive an honorary doctorate in philosophy from the Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas, Angelicum in 1930.[1]
He also taught for three years at Harvard. At the invitation of the Congregation of St. Basil, he set up the Pontifical Institute of Medieval Studies in Toronto in conjunction with St. Michael's College at the University of Toronto. He was elected to the Académie française in 1946.
With the death of his wife, Thérèse Ravisé, on 12 November 1949 Gilson endured a considerable emotional shock.[2]
In 1951, he relinquished his chair to Martial Gueroult at the Collège de France to devote himself completely to the Medieval Institute until 1968. He knew the Jesuit theologian and cardinal Henri de Lubac. Their correspondence has been published. Although Gilson was primarily a historian of philosophy, he was also at the forefront of the 20th century revival of Thomism, along with Jacques Maritain. His work has received critical praise from Richard McKeon.
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