内容摘要 German sociologist Max Weber’s 1919 lecture Politics as a Vocation is widely regarded as a masterpiece of political theory and sociology. Its central strength lies in Weber’s deployment of masterful interpretative skills to power his discussion of modern politics. Interpretation involves understanding both the meaning of evidence and the meaning of terms – questioning definitions, clarifying terms and processes, and supplying good, clear definitions of the author’s own. As a sociologist accustomed to working with historical evidence, Weber based his own work on precisely these skills, solidly backed up by analytical acuity. Politics as a Vocation, written in a Germany shocked by its crippling defeat in World War I, saw Weber turn his eye to an examination of how the modern nation state emerged, and the different ways in which it can be run – interpreting and defining the different types of rule that are possible. It is testament to Weber’s interpretative skills that Politics is famous above all in sociological circles for its clear definition of a state as an institution that claims “the monopoly of legitimate physical violence” in a given territory. 德国社会学家马克斯·韦伯1919年的演讲《政治作为一种职业》被广泛认为是政治理论和社会学的杰作。它的核心优势在于韦伯运用高超的解释技巧来推动他对现代政治的讨论。解释涉及理解证据的含义和术语的含义——质疑定义,澄清术语和过程,并提供作者自己的良好、清晰的定义。作为一名习惯于使用历史证据的社会学家,韦伯自己的工作正是基于这些技能,并以分析敏锐度为坚实后盾。 《政治作为一种职业》是在因第一次世界大战惨败而震惊的德国写成的,韦伯将目光转向了对现代民族国家如何出现以及它的不同运作方式的审视——解释和定义了现代民族国家的运作方式。可能的不同类型的规则。 《政治学》在社会学界首先因其对国家的明确定义而闻名,它是一个声称在特定领土上“垄断合法的身体暴力”的机构,这证明了韦伯的解释技巧。
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