内容摘要 Antonio Gramsci’s Prison Notebooks is a remarkable work, not only because it was written in jail as the Italian Marxist thinker fell victim to political oppression in his home country, but also because it shows his impressive analytical ability. First published in 1948, 11 years after Gramsci’s death, Prison Notebooks ably demonstrates that the writer has an innate ability to understand the relationship between different parts of an argument. This is how Gramsci manages to analyze such wide-ranging topics – capitalism, economics and culture – to explain historical developments. He introduces the idea of “hegemony,” the means by which ruling classes in a society gain, keep hold of and manage their power, and, by carefully looking at how society operates, he reveals the manner in which the powerful deploy a combination of force and manipulation to convince most people that the existing social arrangement is logical and in their best interests – even when it isn’t. Gramsci shows exactly how the ruling class maintains power by influencing both political institutions like the courts and the police, and civil institutions, such as churches, family and schools. His powerful analysis led him to the conclusion that change can only take place in two ways, either through revolution or through a slow but constant struggle to transform the belief system of the ruling classes.安东尼奥·葛兰西的《监狱笔记本》是一部非凡的作品,不仅因为它是意大利马克思主义思想家在祖国遭受政治压迫时在监狱里写成的,而且还因为它展示了他令人印象深刻的分析能力。 《监狱笔记本》于 1948 年首次出版,即葛兰西去世 11 年后,巧妙地证明了作者具有理解论证不同部分之间关系的天生能力。这就是葛兰西成功分析资本主义、经济和文化等广泛话题以解释历史发展的方式。他介绍了“霸权”的概念,即社会中统治阶级获得、保持和管理权力的手段,并通过仔细观察社会的运作方式,揭示了强者如何部署权力组合的方式。强迫和操纵让大多数人相信现有的社会安排是合乎逻辑的并且符合他们的最佳利益——即使事实并非如此。葛兰西准确地展示了统治阶级如何通过影响法院和警察等政治机构以及教堂、家庭和学校等民事机构来维持权力。他强有力的分析使他得出这样的结论:变革只能通过两种方式发生:要么通过革命,要么通过缓慢但持续的斗争来改变统治阶级的信仰体系。
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