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Duelling Idiots and Other Probability Puzzlers 决斗白痴和其他概率谜题数学 Paul J. Nahin

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作者Paul J. Nahin

出版社Princeton University Press

ISBN9780691155005

出版时间2012-07

装帧平装

定价175元

货号YB-66391

上书时间2024-07-02

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What are your chances of dying on your next flight, being called for jury duty, or winning the lottery? We all encounter probability problems in our everyday lives. In this collection of twenty-one puzzles, Paul Nahin challenges us to think creatively about the laws of probability as they apply in playful, sometimes deceptive, ways to a fascinating array of speculative situations. Games of Russian roulette, problems involving the accumulation of insects on flypaper, and strategies for determining the odds of the underdog winning the World Series all reveal intriguing dimensions to the workings of probability. Over the years, Nahin, a veteran writer and teacher of the subject, has collected these and other favorite puzzles designed to instruct and entertain math enthusiasts of all backgrounds. If idiots A and B alternately take aim at each other with a six-shot revolver containing one bullet, what is the probability idiot A will win? What are the chances it will snow on your birthday in any given year? How can researchers use coin flipping and the laws of probability to obtain honest answers to embarrassing survey questions? The solutions are presented here in detail, and many contain a profound element of surprise. And some puzzles are beautiful illustrations of basic mathematical concepts: "The Blind Spider and the Fly," for example, is a clever variation of a "random walk" problem, and "Duelling Idiots" and "The Underdog and the World Series" are straightforward introductions to binomial distributions. Written in an informal way and containing a plethora of interesting historical material, Duelling Idiots is ideal for those who are fascinated by mathematics and the role it plays in everyday life and in our imaginations. 您在下一次飞行中死亡、被要求担任陪审员或中彩票的机会有多大？我们在日常生活中都会遇到概率问题。在这本由二十一个谜题组成的合集中，保罗·纳欣挑战我们创造性地思考概率定律，因为它们以有趣的、有时是欺骗性的方式应用于一系列令人着迷的推测情况。俄罗斯轮盘赌游戏、捕蝇纸上昆虫堆积的问题，以及确定失败者赢得世界大赛的几率的策略，都揭示了概率运作的有趣维度。多年来，纳辛（Nahin）是一位资深作家和该学科的教师，他收集了这些和其他最受欢迎的谜题，旨在指导和娱乐各种背景的数学爱好者。如果白痴 A 和 B 交替用装有一颗子弹的六发左轮手枪互相瞄准，白痴 A 获胜的概率是多少？任何一年中，您生日当天下雪的可能性有多大？研究人员如何利用抛硬币和概率定律来获得令人尴尬的调查问题的诚实答案？这里详细介绍了这些解决方案，其中许多都包含着深刻的惊喜元素。有些谜题是基本数学概念的精美插图：例如，“盲蜘蛛和苍蝇”是“随机游走”问题的巧妙变体，而“白痴决斗”和“失败者与世界大赛”则是“随机游走”问题的巧妙变体。对二项式分布的简单介绍。《决斗白痴》以非正式的方式编写，包含大量有趣的历史材料，对于那些对数学及其在日常生活和想象中所扮演的角色着迷的人来说是理想的选择。