【现货速发】节日
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天津津南
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作者王学文
出版社五洲传播出版社
ISBN9787508527185
出版时间2015-05
装帧平装
开本16开
定价128元
货号23897969
上书时间2024-12-15
商品详情
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前言
Preface
The festival is a universal cultural phenomenon – one that gives people all over the world enjoyment and spiritual fulfillment. Festivals are special days that come round periodically and have a relatively stable – and recognizable – content and form. Colourful festivals run through the calendars of all societies – agricultural societies, industrial societies and the modern information society. There are all kinds of festivals, including traditional festivals, that have a history stretching back to ancient times, and modern festivals that were established with the support of the nation and state. There are political festivals, religious festivals and mundane festivals; festivals for certain professions and festivals particular to certain sex and age groups; festivals on the theme of sacrifice, festivals on the theme of love, festivals on the theme of gathering and festivals on the theme of entertainment and competition. The list is almost endless.
We can find the origins of festivals, and the reasons why they have persisted over time, in the geography, history, culture, political systems and economies of the people who celebrate them. Festivals revive, explain and pass on the past; shape, interpret and maintain the present; and, at the same time, herald, inspire and help mold the future. Try to imagine how insipid people’s lives would be without festivals. They act like a cultural string of beads connected by time and are a framework of events that help support daily life. Without festivals, people’s lives would lack a great deal of spirit and interest. As scholar Liu Dong says, “Life lacking celebration of festivals is not civilized life, and a civilization having lost celebration of festivals is certainly a lost civilization.”
China is a country of many festivals. During its long history and across its vast territories and diverse landscapes, the various Chinese ethnic groups have created, passed on and developed a diverse culture of festivals. How many festivals does China have? It is impossible to give an exact number. The saying “important festivals come every three days and common celebrations come every day” vividly reflects just how many Chinese festivals there are. These festivals are stages in the calendar that epitomize Chinese culture and its most important components. Various elements of Chinese culture such as myths, legends, religions, rites, traditional Chinese opera, music, dancing, foods and drinks, and arts and crafts are inseparable from festivals. Festivals carry the Chinese nation’s historical memories, cultural creations, social mechanisms and its joy of life. In festivals, people satisfy their sensual needs, meet, marry and have children, strengthen their social groups and search for mental peace and spiritual solace.
In modern times, the development of Chinese festivals has been rapid and dramatic – just like the development of Chinese society itself. Today, festivals show unprecedented complexity and diversity. On the one hand, many complain that “there are no festivals any more” and that “festivals are boring”. On the other hand, there has been an upsurge of events that are celebrated as festivals.
Traditional festivals such as the Spring Festival, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival, and some of the festivals of minority ethnic groups, have been carried forward alongside China’s overall development, but their spirit and content has been transformed. Some traditional festivals such as the Shangsi Festival and Land God Festival are gradually shrinking for various reasons. Some festivals only remain as records in old books or as memories and no longer take place. However festivals such as the May 4th Youth Day, June 1st Children’s Day and National Day have emerged during the modern development of the nation and state, and have become deeply embedded in the Chinese people’s psyche. People are now accustomed to looking forward to and celebrating these “new festivals.” Western festivals such as Christmas and Valentine’s Day are also much favored by Chinese youth. Today, the country enjoys a lineage of festivals, that mixes the traditional and the new, the global and the regional, the religious and the mundane.
These festivals provide special moments in the lives of Chinese people and give shape and rhythm to their lives.
Chinese Culture: Festivals is an overview of current Chinese festivals. By highlighting a number of key festivals and festival themes and topics it presents the current situation in China, while also giving a fascinating insight into the history of the country’s festivals and cultural heritage.
导语摘要
《中国文化·节日》是一次对当下中国节日蜻蜓点水式的观察。我们从众多的节日中选出21个节日，然后从节日的内在精神出发，分为坚韧的记忆、神圣的祭拜、世俗的狂欢、生产的节律等七大主题进行书写。在进行历史的追溯的同时，更加着力于现状的展呈，希望为读者勾勒出中国节日的进行时。
作者简介
王学文，北京师范大学民俗学博士，现为文化部民族民间文艺发展中心副研究员、国家社科基金重大委托项目《中国节日志》编辑部副主任。主要研究方向为节日文化、文化遗产保护理论与实践。出版有专著《规束与共享》，在《民俗曲艺》（台湾）、《民俗研究》、《山东社会科学》等刊物发表论文多篇。
目录
Contents
Preface
Festive China
Origins of Festivals
Colorful Chinese Festivals
Festivals and Chinese Culture
Tenacious Memories
The Spring Festival
The Dragon Boat Festival
China’s National Day
Holy Sacrifice
The Tomb-sweeping Day
The Festival of the Dead Spirits
Eid al-Adha
Festival Revelry
Shehuo Performances
The Water Splashing Festival
The Torch Festival
The Rhythm of Production
The Double Second Festival
The Nadam Fair
The Sea Opening and Closing Festivals
Social Maintenance
The Mid-autumn Festival
The Drum Worship Festival
The Nadun Festival
In Praise of Life
Children’s Day
The Sisters’ Festival
The Double Ninth Festival
Singing for Love
The Double Seventh Festival
The Double Third Festival
The Mao Festival
Epilogue:
Rediscovering Festivals
Post******
References
Appendix
Chronological Table of the Chinese Dynasties
内容摘要
《中国文化·节日》是一次对当下中国节日蜻蜓点水式的观察。我们从众多的节日中选出21个节日，然后从节日的内在精神出发，分为坚韧的记忆、神圣的祭拜、世俗的狂欢、生产的节律等七大主题进行书写。在进行历史的追溯的同时，更加着力于现状的展呈，希望为读者勾勒出中国节日的进行时。
主编推荐
王学文，北京师范大学民俗学博士，现为文化部民族民间文艺发展中心副研究员、国家社科基金重大委托项目《中国节日志》编辑部副主任。主要研究方向为节日文化、文化遗产保护理论与实践。出版有专著《规束与共享》，在《民俗曲艺》（台湾）、《民俗研究》、《山东社会科学》等刊物发表论文多篇。
精彩内容
The Mid-autumn Festival
The Mid-autumn Festival is a traditional Chinese festival in autumn. There is a saying that runs, “the mid-autumn moon is exceptionally bright,” which helps explain why this festival is also called the Moon Festival. It is also known as the Reunion Festival.
The festival takes place when, after working hard to sow their crops in spring and to tend them over summer, people finally usher in the harvest season. At this point in the year the weather is fresh and cool and orange osmanthus flowers smell sweet.
Ancient Chinese people acquired an early, in-depth understanding of the moon’s movements. They used the terms half-moon, full moon, dark moon and crescent moon to refer to the different phases of the moon. The Mid-autumn Festival falls on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month when the moon is full in mid-autumn. Therefore, the origins and customs of the Mid-autumn Festival are mostly related to the moon.
In ancient times, the moon occupied an important place in the thoughts of Chinese people. The sun and the moon are the two poles in the Chinese yin-yang philosophy of life. They also form the basis of the Chinese calendar system. The moon and the sun are considered to be opposites: the sun represents yang, the direction east and the season of spring, while the moon represents yin, west and autumn.
The Chinese people have a long tradition of offering sacrifices to the moon and of worshipping it. For example, the Altar of the Moon in Beijing was an important place for offering sacrifices to the moon. It still remains as one today.
For people in ancient China, the moon was the stuff of legends and it was a key inspiration for storytellers and poets. Many myths, legends and stories were written about the moon on scrolls. According to such legends, there is a moon palace on the moon, and it is home to the beautiful and lonely Chang’e who became a moon fairy after stealing and eating an elixir of immortality. It is also home to Wu Gang who was banished for learning from the immortals. He shares his home there with a toad, a jade hare and a cassia tree that can never be felled.
For men of letters in ancient China, the moon was thought of as a place that was far away and cold. They imbued the different phases of the moon with human emotions and linked them to the grief of parting. Poems written by Li Bai in the Tang Dynasty and Su Shi in the Song Dynasty (960- 1279) include lines such as: “Raising my head, I see the moon so bright; withdrawing my eyes, my nostalgia comes around” and “How long will the full moon appear? Wine cup in hand, I ask the sky.” Such poems still enjoy great popularity. Such beliefs underpinned the emergence of the Mid-autumn Festival, which developed to become an important folk festival in the Song Dynasty.
Mid-autumn Festival traditions include offering sacrifices to the moon, worshipping it, admiring it and enjoying it. In the Qing Dynasty, families in Beijing would set up altars in their courtyards, put the Moonlight Bodhisattva’s tablets on them, and offer melons and fruits to the moon. Then all family members would kowtow towards the place where the moon rose.
Today, in Fujian, there is a custom called “inviting the Moon Maiden”. This takes place at evening time during the Mid-autumn Festival. People put fruits and cakes under the moon, worship the moon and pray for happiness, safety and hea
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