目录 Chapter 1 Functions and limits1 1.1Mappings and functions1 1.1.1Sets1 1.1.2Mappings4 1.1.3Functions5 Exercises 1-1 19 1.2Limits of sequences23 1.2.1Concept of limits of sequences23 1.2.2Properties of convergent sequences27 Exercises 1-2 29 1.3Limits of functions30 1.3.1Definitions of limits of functions30 1.3.2The properties of functional limits33 Exercises 1-3 34 1.4Infinitesimal and infinity quantity36 1.4.1Infinitesimal quantity36 1.4.2Infinity quantity36 Exercises 1-4 38 1.5Rules of limit operations38 Exercises 1-5 43 1.6Principle of limit existence—two important limits44 Exercises 1-6 49 1.7Comparing with two infinitesimals50 Exercises 1-7 52 1.8Continuity of functions and discontinuous points52 1.8.1Continuity of functions52 1.8.2Discontinuous points of functions54 Exercises 1-8 56 1.9Operations on continuous functions and the continuity of elementary functions57 1.9.1Continuity of the sum,difference,product and quotient of continuous functions57 1.9.2Continuity of inverse functions and composite functions58 1.9.3Continuity of elementary functions59 Exercises 1-9 59 1.10Properties of continuous functions on a closed interval60 1.10.1Boundedness and maximum-minimum theorem60 1.10.2Zero point theorem and intermediate value theorem61 *1.10.3Uniform continuity62 Exercises 1-10 63 Exercises 1 63 Chapter 2 Derivatives and differential66 2.1Concept of derivatives66 2.1.1Examples66 2.1.2Definition of derivatives70 2.1.3Geometric interpretation of derivative77 2.1.4Relationship between derivability and continuity78 Exercises 2-1 79 2.2Fundamental derivation rules81 2.2.1Derivation rules for sum,difference,product and quotient of functions81 2.2.2The rules of derivative of inverse functions83 2.2.3The rules of derivative of composite functions(The Chain Rule)85 2.2.4Basic derivation rules and derivative formulas89 Exercises 2-2 91 2.3Higher-order derivatives93 Exercises 2-3 95 2.4Derivation of implicit functions and functions defined by parametric equations97 2.4.1Derivation of implicit functions97 2.4.2Derivation of a function defined by parametric equations101 2.4.3Related rates of change103 Exercises 2-4 103 2.5The Differentials of functions105 2.5.1Concept of the differential105 2.5.2Geometric meaning of the differential107 2.5.3Formulas and rules on differentials108 2.5.4Application of the differential in approximate computation109 Exercises 2-5 110 Exercises 2 111 Chapter 3 Mean value theorems in differential calculus and applications of derivatives113 3.1Mean value theorems in differential calculus113 Exercises 3-1 120 3.2L’Hospital’s rules121 Exercises 3-2 125 3.3Taylor formula126 Exercises 3-3 130 3.4Monotonicity of functions and convexity of curves131 3.4.1Monotonicity of functions131 3.4.2Convexity of curves and inflection points132 Exercises 3-4 136 3.5Extreme values of functions, maximum and minimum137 3.5.1Extreme values of functions137 3.5.2Maximum and minimum of function140 Exercises 3-5 143 3.6Differentiation of arc and curvature145 3.6.1Differentiation of an arc145 3.6.2curvature146 Exercises 3-6 149 Exercises 3 149 Chapter 4 Indefinite integral151 4.1Concept and property of indefinite integral151 4.1.1Concept of antiderivative and indefinite integral151 4.1.2Table of fundamental indefinite integrals153 4.1.3Properties of the indefinite integral155 Exercises 4-1 157 4.2Integration by substitutions158 4.2.1Integration by substitution of the first kind158 4.2.2Integration by substitution of the second kind163 Exercises 4-2 167 4.3Integration by parts169 Exercises 4-3 173 4.4Integration of rational function173 4.4.1Integration of rational function173 4.4.2Integration which can be transformed into the integration of rational function175 Exercises 4-4 177 Exercises 4 178 Chapter 5 Definite integrals180 5.1Concept and properties of definite integrals180 5.1.1Examples of definite integral problems180 5.1.2The definition of define integral182 5.1.3Properties of definite integrals184 Exercises 5-1 186 5.2Fundamental formula of calculus188 5.2.1The relationship between the displacement and the velocity188 5.2.2A function of upper limit of integral188 5.2.3Newton-Leibniz formula189 Exercises 5-2 192 5.3Integration by substitution and parts for definite integrals194 5.3.1Integration by substitution for definite integrals194 5.3.2Integration by parts for definite integral198 Exercises 5-3 199 5.4Improper integrals201 5.4.1Improper integrals on an infinite interval201 5.4.2Improper integrals of unbounded functions203 Exercises 5-4 205 5.5Tests for convergence of improper integrals Γ-function206 5.5.1Test for convergence of infinite integral206 5.5.2Test for convergence of improper integrals of unbounded functions209 5.5.3 Γ-function209 Exercises 5-5 211 Exercises 5 212 Chapter 6 Applications of definite integrals214 6.1Method of elements for definite integrals214 6.2The applications of the definite integral in geometry215 6.2.1Areas of plane figures215 6.2.2The volumes of solid219 6.2.3Length of plane curves222 Exercises 6-2 224 6.3The applications of the definite Integral in physics227 6.3.1Work done by variable force227 6.3.2Force by a liquid228 6.3.3Gravity229 Exercises 6-3 230 Exercises 6 230 Chapter 7 Differential equations232 7.1Differential equations and their solutions232 Exercises 7-1 236 7.2Separable equations237 Exercises 7-2 240 7.3Homogeneous equations241 7.3.1Homogeneous equations241 7.3.2Reduction to homogeneous equation243 Exercises 7-3 245 7.4A first-order linear differential equations245 7.4.1Linear equations245 7.4.2Bernoulli’s equation248 Exercises 7-4 249 7.5Reducible second-order equations250 Exercises 7-5 254 7.6Second-order linear equations254 7.6.1Construction of solutions of second-order linear equation254 7.6.2The method of variation of parameters257 Exercises 7-6 259 7.7Homogeneous linear differential equation with constant coefficients259 Exercises 7-7 263 7.8Nonhomogeneous linear differential equation with constant coefficients264 Exercises 7-8 270 7.9Euler’s differential equation270 Exercises 7-9 271 Exercises 7 271 Appendix273 References280
The aim of this book is to meet the requirement of bilingual teaching of advanced mathematics. The selection of the contents is in accordance with the fundamental requirements of teaching issued by the Ministry of Education of China. Base on the property of our university,we select some examples about petrochemical industry. These examples may help readers to understand the application of advanced mathematics in petrochemical industry. This book is divided into two volumes. This volume contains functions and limits, calculus of functions of a single variable and differential equation. Basic concepts in this book are clear and accurate. The book introduce the fundamental theories by a method that is easy for understanding. This book can be used as a textbook for undergraduate students in the science and engineering schools whose majors are not mathematics, and may also be suitable to the readers at the same level.
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