计算机组成与设计 硬件/软件接口(英文版·原书第5版·RISC-V版)
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作者(美)戴维·A.帕特森,(美)约翰·L.亨尼斯
出版社机械工业出版社
ISBN9787111631118
出版时间2019-07
装帧平装
开本16开
定价229元
货号1201914139
上书时间2024-09-04
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目录
1 Computer Abstractions and Technology 2
1.1 Introduction 3
1.2 Eight Great Ideas in Computer Architecture 11
1.3 Below Your Program 13
1.4 Under the Covers 16
1.5 Technologies for Building Processors and Memory 24
1.6 Performance 28
1.7 The Power Wall 40
1.8 The Sea Change: The Switch from Uniprocessors to Multiprocessors 43
1.9 Real Stuff: Benchmarking the Intel Core i7 46
1.10 Fallacies and Pitfalls 49
1.11 Concluding Remarks 52
1.12 Historical Perspective and Further Reading 54
1.13 Exercises 54
2 Instructions: Language of the Computer 60
2.1 Introduction 62
2.2 Operations of the Computer Hardware 63
2.3 Operands of the Computer Hardware 67
2.4 Signed and Unsigned Numbers 74
2.5 Representing Instructions in the Computer 81
2.6 Logical Operations 89
2.7 Instructions for Making Decisions 92
2.8 Supporting Procedures in Computer Hardware 98
2.9 Communicating with People 108
2.10 RISC-V Addressing for Wide Immediates and Addresses 113
2.11 Parallelism and Instructions: Synchronization 121
2.12 Translating and Starting a Program 124
2.13 A C Sort Example to Put it All Together 133
2.14 Arrays versus Pointers 141
2.15 Advanced Material: Compiling C and Interpreting Java 144
2.16 Real Stuff: MIPS Instructions 145
2.17 Real Stuff: x86 Instructions 146
2.18 Real Stuff: The Rest of the RISC-V Instruction Set 155
2.19 Fallacies and Pitfalls 157
2.20 Concluding Remarks 159
2.21 Historical Perspective and Further Reading 162
2.22 Exercises 162
3 Arithmetic for Computers 172
3.1 Introduction 174
3.2 Addition and Subtraction 174
3.3 Multiplication 177
3.4 Division 183
3.5 Floating Point 191
3.6 Parallelism and Computer Arithmetic: Subword Parallelism 216
3.7 Real Stuff: Streaming SIMD Extensions and Advanced Vector Extensions in x86 217
3.8 Going Faster: Subword Parallelism and Matrix Multiply 218
3.9 Fallacies and Pitfalls 222
3.10 Concluding Remarks 225
3.11 Historical Perspective and Further Reading 227
3.12 Exercises 227
4 The Processor 234
4.1 Introduction 236
4.2 Logic Design Conventions 240
4.3 Building a Datapath 243
4.4 A Simple Implementation Scheme 251
4.5 An Overview of Pipelining 262
4.6 Pipelined Datapath and Control 276
4.7 Data Hazards: Forwarding versus Stalling 294
4.8 Control Hazards 307
4.9 Exceptions 315
4.10 Parallelism via Instructions 321
4.11 Real Stuff: The ARM Cortex-A53 and Intel Core i7 Pipelines 334
4.12 Going Faster: Instruction-Level Parallelism and Matrix Multiply 342
4.13 Advanced Topic: An Introduction to Digital Design Using a Hardware Design Language to Describe and Model a Pipeline and More Pipelining Illustrations 345
4.14 Fallacies and Pitfalls 345
4.15 Concluding Remarks 346
4.16 Historical Perspective and Further Reading 347
4.17 Exercises 347
5 Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy 364
5.1 Introduction 366
5.2 Memory Technologies 370
5.3 The Basics of Caches 375
5.4 Measuring and Improving Cache Performance 390
5.5 Dependable Memory Hierarchy 410
5.6 Virtual Machines 416
5.7 Virtual Memory 419
5.8 A Common Framework for Memory Hierarchy 443
5.9 Using a Finite-State Machine to Control a Simple Cache 449
5.10 Parallelism and Memory Hierarchy: Cache Coherence 454
5.11 Parallelism and Memory Hierarchy: Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks 458
5.12 Advanced Material: Implementing Cache Controllers 459
5.13 Real Stuff: The ARM Cortex-A53 and Intel Core i7 Memory Hierarchies 459
5.14 Real Stuff: The Rest of the RISC-V System and Spe Instructions 464
5.15 Going Faster: Cache Blocking and Matrix Multiply 465
5.16 Fallacies and Pitfalls 468
5.17 Concluding Remarks 472
5.18 Historical Perspective and Further Reading 473
5.19 Exercises 473
6 Parallel Processors from Client to Cloud 490
6.1 Introduction 492
6.2 The Difficulty of Creating Parallel Processing Programs 494
6.3 SISD, MIMD, SIMD, SPMD, and Vector 499
6.4 Hardware Multithreading 506
6.5 Multicore and Other Shared Memory Multiprocessors 509
6.6 Introduction to Graphics Processing Units 514
6.7 Clusters, Warehouse Scale Computers,and Other Message-Passing Multiprocessors 521
……
内容摘要
本书是经典著作《计算机组成与设计》继MIPS版、ARM版之后的近期新版本，这一版专注于RISC-V，是Patterson和Hennessy的又一力作。RISC-V指令集作为开源架构，是专为云计算、移动计算以及各类嵌入式系统等现代计算环境设计的架构。本书更加关注后PC时代发生的变革，通过实例、练习等详细介绍近期新计算模式，更新的内容还包括平板电脑、云基础设施以及ARM（移动计算设备）和x86(云计算)体系结构。
精彩内容
In Praise of Computer Organization and Design: The Hardware/Software Interface“Textbook selection is often a frustrating act of compromise—pedagogy, contentcoverage, quality of exposition, level of rigor, cost. Computer Organization and Design is the rare book that hits all the right notes across the board, without compromise. It is not only the premier computer organization textbook, it is a shining example of what all computer science textbooks could and should be.”—Michael Goldweber, Xavier University“I have been using Computer Organization and Design for years, from the very first edition. This new edition is yet another outstanding improvement on an already classic text. The evolution from desktop computing to mobile computing to Big Data brings new coverage of embedded processors such as the ARM, new material on how software and hardware interact to increase performance, and cloud computing. All this without sacrificing the fundamentals.”—Ed Harcourt, St. Lawrence University“To Millennials: Computer Organization and Design is the computer architecture book you should keep on your (virtual) bookshelf. The book is both old and new, because it develops venerable principles—Moore’s Law, abstraction, common case fast, redundancy, memory hierarchies, parallelism, and pipelining—but illustrates them with contemporary designs.”—Mark D. Hill, University of Wisconsin-Madison“The new edition of Computer Organization and Design keeps pace with advances in emerging embedded and many-core (GPU) systems, where tablets and smartphones will/are quickly becoming our new desktops. This text acknowledges these changes, but continues to provide a rich foundation of the fundamentals in computer organization and design which will be needed for the designers of hardware and software that power this new class of devices and systems.”—Dave Kaeli, Northeastern University“Computer Organization and Design provides more than an introduction to computer architecture. It prepares the reader for the changes necessary to meet the everincreasing performance needs of mobile systems and big data processing at a time that difficulties in semiconductor scaling are making all systems power constrained. In this new era for computing, hardware and software must be co-designed and system-level architecture is as critical as component-level optimizations.”—Christos Kozyrakis, Stanford University“Patterson and Hennessy brilliantly address the issues in ever-changing computer hardware architectures, emphasizing on interactions among hardware and software components at various abstraction levels. By interspersing I/O and parallelism concepts with a variety of mechanisms in hardware and software throughout the book, the new edition achieves an excellent holistic presentation of computer architecture for the post- PC era. This book is an essential guide to hardware and software professionals facing energy efficiency and parallelization challenges in Tablet PC to Cloud computing.”—Jae C. Oh, Syracuse UniversityPrefaceThe most beautiful thing we can experience is the mysterious. It is the source of all true art and science.Albert Einstein, What I Believe, 1930About This BookWe believe that learning in computer science and engineering should reflect the current state of the field, as well as introduce the principles that are shaping computing. We also feel that readers in every spety of computing need to appreciate the organizational paradigms that determine the capabilities, performance, energy, and, ultimately, the success of computer systems.Modern computer technology requires professionals of every computing spety to understand both hardware and software. The interaction between hardware and software at a variety of levels also offers a framework for understanding the fundamentals of computing. Whether your primary interest is hardware or software, computer science or electrical engineering, the central ideas in computer organization and design are the same. Thus, our emphasis in this book is to show the relationship between hardware and software and to focus on the concepts that are the basis for current computers.The recent switch from uniprocessor to multicore microprocessors confirmed the soundness of this perspective, given since the first edition. While programmers could ignore the advice and rely on computer architects, compiler writers, and silicon engineers to make their programs run faster or be more energy-efficient without change, that era is over. For programs to run faster, they must become parallel. While the goal of many researchers is to make it possible for programmers to be unaware of the underlying parallel nature of the hardware they are programming, it will take many years to realize this vision. Our view is that for at least the next decade, most programmers are going to have to understand the hardware/software interface if they want programs to run efficiently on parallel computers.The audience for this book includes those with little experience in assembly language or logic design who need to understand basic computer organization as well as readers wi
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