目录 Part 1 An Overall Guide to Appreciating Literature 1 What Is Literature? 1.1 Types of Literature 1.2 Main Qualities of Literature 2 Why Do We Read Literature? 2.1 To Acquire Knowledge and Wisdom 2.2 To Consolidate Language Competence 2.3 To Read for Pleasure 2.4 To Improve an Understanding of Life 2.5 To Cultivate a Capacity for Artistic Appreciation 3 How Do We Learn Literary Texts? 3.1 Copying 3.2 Paraphrase 3.3 Summary 3.4 Description 3.5 Analysis 4 How Should We Write About Literature? 4.1 Having Something to Say 4.2 Choosing a Topic 4.3 Considering Your Audience 4.4 Collecting Evidence 4.5 Developing the Argument 4.6 Writing the First Draft 4.7 Revising 4.8 Documentation 4.9 The "Works Cited" Page 4.10 Sample Essay 1 4.11 Sample Essay 2 5 How Do We TakeEssay Tests? 5.1 Prepare Thoroughly 5.2 Plan Your Answer Wisely 5.3 Respond Directly to the Assignment 5.4 Add Inserts When Necessary 5.5 Write Clear, Simple, and Correct Prose 5.6 Be Creative 5.7 Sample Test Essays 6 Major Critical Approaches 6.1 Formalistic Criticism 6.2 Biographical Criticism 6.3 Historical Criticism 6.4 Psychological Criticism 6.5 Sociological Criticism 6.6 Feminist Criticism 6.7 Reader-response Criticism 6.8 Cultural Studies 6.9 Practical Criticism 6.10 Deconstructionism 6.11 Ecocriticism 6.12 Ethical Literary Criticism 6.13 Selective Criticism
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