目录 Chapter 1 Introduction001 1.1 Background002 1.2 Motivation004 1.3 Outline007 Chapter 2 Study of the filtration performance of multi-fiber filters009 2.1 Introduction011 2.2 Model of multi-fiber filters014 2.2.1 Geometric model and simulation method of multi-fiber filters014 2.2.2 Model validation016 2.3 Filtration efficiency and its optimization020 2.3.1 Comparison of filtration performance between parallel and staggered designs020 2.3.2 Filtration efficiency at different face velocities and particle diameters022 2.3.3 Filtration performance of layered filters with the same total SVF024 2.3.4 Optimization of pressure drop and filtration efficiency025 2.4 Conclusion028 References030 Chapter 3 Study of particle rebound and deposition on fiber surface034 3.1 Introduction036 3.2 Models of flow field and particle movement041 3.2.1 Flow field and particle movement041 3.2.2 Particle rebound model044 ? 3.3 Particle transport and deposition048 3.3.1 Effect of particle rebounds on particle deposition048 3.3.2 Effects of face velocity on particle deposition050 3.3.3 Effects of particle diameter on particle deposition052 3.3.4 Filtration efficiency of a single fiber054 3.4 Conclusion057 References059 Chapter 4 Investigation of the flow-field in the upper respiratory system when wearing N95 FFR064 4.1 Introduction066 4.2 Modeling of full breathing cycles068 4.2.1 Flow field reverse modeling068 4.2.2 CFD simulation of a full breathing cycle071 4.3 Flow field of a full breathing cycle074 4.3.1 Flow characteristics of a full breathing cycle074 4.3.2 CO2 volume fraction075 4.3.3 Temperature distribution inside FFR cavity077 4.3.4 Pressure and wall shear stress inside upper respiratory airway079 4.4 Discussion082 4.5 Conclusion085 References086 Chapter 5 Investigation of water vapor condensation on the inner surface of N95 FFR089 5.1 Introduction091 5.2 CFD modeling of water vapor condensation093 5.2.1 Model of water vapor condensation093 5.2.2 CFD-setup and boundary conditions of water vapor condensation093 5.3 Water vapor condensation on the inner surface of N95 FFR097 5.3.1 Effects of different environmental temperatures099 5.3.2 Effects of different breathing velocities102 5.3.3 Effects of different breathing frequencies104 5.4 Discussion108 5.5 Conclusion110 References111 Chapter 6 Effect of vapor condensation on micro-climate in the deadspace of N95 FFR113 6.1 Introduction115 6.2 CFD modeling of vapor condensation117 6.2.1 Model of vapor condensation117 6.2.2 CFD-setup and boundary conditions of vapor condensation118 6.2.3 FFR performance and vapor condensation distribution120 6.3 Experiment of micro-climate inside N95 FFR126 6.3.1 Experiment of temperature and relative humidity measuring inside FFR127 6.3.2 Experiment of bacteria accounting on the inner surface of FFR129 6.4 Conclusion133 References134 Chapter 7 Investigation of movement characteristics and respiratory deposition of indoor cigarette particles136 7.1 Introduction138 7.2 Model of particle movement and respiratory deposition141 7.2.1 Description of room, human and particles system141 7.2.2 CFD model of cigarette particles deposition143 7.2.3 PM2.5 measurement146 7.3 Flow field and cigarette particles deposition147 7.4 Conclusion155 References156 Chapter 8 An improved FFR design with a ventilation fan: CFD simulation and validation159 8.1 Introduction161 8.2 Improved FFR design and CFD simulation163 8.2.1 Improved FFR design163 8.2.2 Simulation method of flow field in FFR164 8.3 Performance of the ventilation fan and its effects169 8.3.1 Flow characteristics of the ventilation fan169 8.3.2 Effects of fan orientation170 8.3.3 Experiment on temperature of headform and FFR172 8.4 Conclusion177 References178 Chapter 9 Design of the FFR with an intelligent control fan181 9.1 Introduction183 9.2 Improved FFR design184 9.3 Design of in
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