目录 Preface 1 Introduction Part Ⅰ Theory of the Consumer 2 Preferences and Utility 2.1 Introduction 2.2 The Consumers Preference Relation 2.3 The Marginal Rate of Substitution 2.4 The Consumers Utility Function 2.5 Utility Functions and the Marginal Rate of Substitution 2.6 A Solved Problem Exercises Appendix. Differentiation of Functions 3 The Budget Constraint and the Consumers Optimal Choice 3.1 Introduction 3.2 The Standard Budget Constraint, the Budget Set, and the Budget Line 3.3 Shifts of the Budget Line 3.4 Odd Budget Constraints 3.5 Income and Consumption over Time 3.6 The Consumers Optimal Choice: Graphical Analysis 3.7 The Consumers Optimal Choice: Utility Maximization Subject to the Budget Constraint 3.8 Two Solved Problems Exercises Appendix. Maximization Subject to a Constraint: The Lagrange Function Method 4 Demand Functions 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Demand as a Function of Income 4.3 Demand as a Function of Price 4.4 Demand as a Function of Price of the Other Good 4.5 Substitution and Income Effects 4.6 The Compensated Demand Curve 4.7 Elasticity 4.8 The Market Demand Curve 4.9 A Solved Problem Exercises 5 Supply Functions for Labor and Savings 5.1 Introduction to the Supply of Labor 5.2 Choice between Consumption and Leisure 5.3 Substitution and Income Effects in Labor Supply 5.4 Other Types of Budget Constraints 5.5 Taxing the Consumers Wages 5.6 Saving and Borrowing: The Intertemporal Choice of Consumption 5.7 The Supply of Savings 5.8 A Solved Problem Exercises 6 Welfare Economics 1: The One-Person Case 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Welfare Comparison of a Per-Unit Tax and an Equivalent Lump-Sum Tax 6.3 Rebating a Per-Unit Tax 6.4 Measuring a Change in Welfare for One Person 6.5 Measuring Welfare for Many People; A Preliminary Example 6.6 A Solved Problem Exercises Appendix. Revealed Preference 7 Welfare Economics 2: The Many-Person Case 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Quasilinear Preferences 7.3 Consumers Surplus 7.4 A Consumers Surplus Example with Quasilinear Preferences 7.5 Consumers Surplus 7.6 A Last Word on the Quasilinearity Assumption 7.7 A Solved Problem Exercises Part Ⅱ Theory of the Producer 8 Theory of the Firm 1: The Single-Input Model 8.1 Introduction 8.2 The Competitive Firms Problem, Focusing on Its Output 8.3 The Competitive Firms Problem, Focusing on Its Input 8.4 Multiple Outputs 8.5 A Solved Problem Exercises 9 Theory of the Firm 2: The Long-Run, Multiple-Input Model 9.1 Introduction 9.2 The Production Function in the Long Run 9.3 Cost Minimization in the Long Run 9.4 Profit Maximization in the Long Run 9.5 A Solved Problem Exercises 10 Theory of the Firm 3: The Short-Run, Multiple-Input Model 10.1 Introduction 10.2 The Production Function in the Short Run 10.3 Cost Minimization in the Short Run 10.4 Profit Maximization in the Short Run 10.5 A Solved Problem Exercises Part Ⅲ Partial Equilibrium Analysis: Market Structure 11 Perfectly Competitive Markets 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Perfect Competition 11.3 Market/Industry Supply 11.4 Equilibrium in a Competitive Market 11.5 Competitive Equilibrium and Social Surplus Maximization 11.6 The Deadweight Loss of a Per-Unit Tax 11.7 A Solved Problem Exercises 12 Monopoly and Monopolistic Competition 12.1 Introduction 12.2 The Classical Solution to Monopoly 12.3 Deadweight Loss from Monopoly: Comparing Monopoly and Competition 12.4 Price Discrimination 12.5 Monopolistic Competition 12.6 A Solved Problem Exercises 13 Duopoly 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Cournot Competition 13.3 More on Dynamics 13.4 Collusion 13.5 Stackelberg Competition 13.6 Bertrand Competition 13.7 A Solved Problem Exercises 14 Game Theory 14.1 Introduction 14.2 The Prisoners Dilemma, and the Idea of Dominant Strategy Equilibrium 14.3 Prisoners Dilemma Complications: Experimental Evidence and Repeated Games 14.4 The Battle of the Sexes, and the Idea of Nash Equilibrium 14.5 Battle of the Sexes Complications: Multiple or No Nash Equilibria, and Mixed Strategies 14.6 The Expanded Battle of the Sexes, When More Choices Make Players Worse Off 14.7 Sequential Move Games 14.8 Threats 14.9 A Solved Problem Exercises Part IV General Equilibrium Analysis 15 An Exchange Economy 15.1 Introduction 15.2 An Economy with Two Consumers and Two Goods 15.3 Pareto Efficiency 15.4 Competitive or Walrasian Equilibrium 15.5 The Two Fundamental Theorems of Welfare Economics 15.6 A Solved Problem Exercises 16 A Production Economy 16.1 Introduction 16.2 A Robinson Crusoe Production Economy 16.3 Pareto Efficiency 16.4 Walrasian or Competitive Equilibrium 16.5 When There Are Two Goods, Bread and Rum 16.6 The Two Welfare Theorems Revisited 16.7 A Solved Problem Exercises Part V Market Failure 17 Externalities 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Examples of Externalities 17.3 The Oil Refiner and the Fish Farm 17.4 Classical Solutions to the Externality Problem: Pigou and Coase 17.5 Modern Solutions for the Externality Problem: Markets for Pollution Rights 17.6 Modern Solutions for the Externality Problem: Cap and Trade 17.7 A Solved Problem Exercises 18 Public Goods 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Examples of Public Goods 18.3 A Simple Model of an Economy with a Public Good 18.4 The Samuelson Optimality Condition 18.5 The Free Rider Problem and Voluntary Contribution Mechanisms 18.6 How to Get Efficiency in Economies with Public Goods 18.7 A Solved Problem Exercises 19 Uncertainty and Expected Utility 19.1 Introduction and Examples 19.2 Von Neumann-Morgenstern Expected Utility: Preliminaries 19.3 Von Neumann-Morgenstern Expected Utility: Assumptions and Conclusion 19.4 Von Neumann-Morgenstern Expected Utility: Examples 19.5 A Solved Problem Exercises 20 Uncertainty and Asymmetric Information 20.1 Introduction 20.2 When Sellers Know More Than Buyers: The Market for "Lemons" 20.3 When Buyers Know More Than Sellers: A Market for Health Insurance 20.4 When Insurance Encourages Risk Taking: Moral Hazard 20.5 The Principal-Agent Problem 20.6 What Should Be Done about Market Failures Caused by Asymmetric Information 20.7 A Solved Problem Exercises Index
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