目录 Acknowledgements iPreface iiiList of Abbreviations viiChapter One Introduction 11.1 Background of Interpreting in China 31.1.1 An Overview of the Market 31.1.2 Interpreter Training in China 51.1.3 Interpreting Research at Different DevelopmentalStages 121.2 The Position of This Study 151.3 Research Scope 171.4 Research Question and Hypothesis 181.5 Research Methodology 201.6 The Outline of the Study 22Chapter Two On Quality and Competence in ConsecutiveInterpreting 242.1 A Typology of Interpreting Modes 262.1.1 Categorization 272.1.2 Consecutive Interpreting 302.2 The Nature of Interpreting 342.2.1 The Process-oriented Approach 352.2.2 The Product-oriented Approach 382.3 Interpreting Quality 402.3.1 Defining Interpreting Quality 422.3.2 Quality Criteria 43A Conceptual Mapping Model for Cognitive Processing CapacityManagement in Consecutive Interpreting2.4 Interpreter Competence 542.4.1 Terminological Clarification 562.4.2 The Componential Approach to Interpreter Competence 582.5 Summary 63Chapter Three Cognitive Overload and Cognitive ProcessingCapacity Management in ConsecutiveInterpreting 643.1 Cognitive Problems as a Major Challenge to InterpretingQuality 653.2 Review of Gile’s (1995) Effort Model for ConsecutiveInterpreting: Memory and Attention 683.3 Cognitive Processing Capacity Management (CPCM) 713.3.1 Memory Operations 723.3.2 Attention Allocation 743.4 Cognitive Overload in Consecutive Interpreting 763.4.1 Definition of Cognitive Overload 773.4.2 Causes of Cognitive Overload 773.5 Summary 82Chapter Four The Conceptual Mapping Model forConsecutive Interpreting 834.1 The Aims of the Model 834.2 The Theoretical Framework for the Model 854.2.1 Scene-frame Theory (Fillmore 1977) 854.2.2 Relevance Theory (Sperber & Wilson 1986) 874.3 Fundamental Concepts 924.3.1 Interpreting Processes: Interpreters’ Preparatory Workand Their On-going Interpreting 924.3.2 Segmentation 934.3.3 Mind Mapping and Concept Mapping 954.4 Operation of the Model 99Contents xi4.4.1 Consecutive Interpreting as Conceptual Mapping 994.4.2 Operational Constructs: Concept Units and InformationUnits 1074.4.3 The Working Strategies 1124.5 Summary 115Chapter Five An Experimental Study of the Training Effectsof the Conceptual Mapping Model 1175.1 Research Question, Hypotheses and Aims 1185.1.1 Research Question 1185.1.2 Hypotheses and Aims 1195.2 Research Approach and Methods 1215.3 Research Design 1235.4 The Training Scheme 1255.4.1 Learning Objectives 1255.4.2 Teaching Methods: The Conceptual Mapping Model 1285.5 Research Participants 1335.6 Data Collection Tools and Methods 1345.6.1 Background Questionnaires 1345.6.2 Testing Materials 1355.7 Data Analysis Tools and Methods 1375.7.1 Coding Schemes for the Two Questionnaires 1375.7.2 Evaluation of Interpreted Texts 1405.8 Summary 146Chapter Six Research Findings and Discussion 1476.1 Data Analysis of the Collected Questionnaires 1476.1.1 Pre-training Questionnaire (Q1) 1486.1.2 Post-training Questionnaire (Q2) 1526.1.3 Discussion Related to Sub-hypothesis 1 1546.2 Data Analysis of the Interpreted Texts 1556.2.1 Types of Errors 155xii A Conceptual Mapping Model for Cognitive Processing CapacityManagement in Consecutive Interpreting6.2.2 The Experimental Group: Disscusion Related to Subhyperthesis2 1616.2.3 The Control Group: Discussion Related to Sub-hypothesis3 1626.3 Summary 163Chapter Seven Teaching Implications of Applying theConceptual Mapping Model 1657.1 Cognitive Training in the Teaching of Interpreting 1657.1.1 The Necessity of Professional Training 1657.1.2 The Quality Criteria for Professional Training 1667.1.3 The Pedagogical Challenges to Cognitive Training in theContext of Interpreting 1687.2 Implications of Applying the Conceptual MappingModel 1717.2.1 Different Thinking Patterns in Source Text and TargetText 1727.2.2 The Important Role of Cognitive Sub-competence 1737.2.3 Learner Autonomy 1737.3 A Model for Cognitive Training in Consecutive Interpreting1757.3.1 Learning Environment: Authenticity 1757.3.2 Free Translation and Literal Translation 1767.3.3 Note-taking and Conceptual Mapping 1797.3.4 A Combination of Product- and Process-oriented Feedback1817.3.5 Trainers’ Role in Learner Autonomy 1847.4 Summary 186Chapter Eight Directions for Future Research 187Appendix 189Appendix A: The Analysis of the Test Material 189Contents xiiiAppendix B: Interview Questionnaire One (Before the CognitiveTraining) 190Appendix C: Interview Questionnaire Two (After the CognitiveTraining) 191Glossary 192Bibliography 196
精彩内容 International diplomacy and trade have always depended on thework of linguistic and cultural mediation provided by bilingual andmultilingual translators and interpreters. As the world’s largest tradingnation, China’s economic growth is closely related to the ability of itsbusinesses to reach clients and consumers across linguistic divides. Overthe past decades, this growth has meant a strong increase in the demandfor translation and interpreting services. Understanding the need for andthe importance of highly qualified professionals, the Chinese governmentintroduced the Master in Translation and Interpreting (MTI) scheme in2007. Ten years later, Chinese universities have become a major supplierof graduates in translation and interpreting. At the same time, we haveseen a significant increase in research on translation and interpretingtopics and a growing range of publications addressing both professionaland didactic challenges. The latter is espely important for the field ofinterpreting, a traditionally under-researched area in China and manyother countries.Interpreting, i.e., the either simultaneous or delayed oral reproductionin one language of a text or text segment spoken in another languageiv A Conceptual Mapping Model for Cognitive Processing CapacityManagement in Consecutive Interpretinghas long fascinated external observers. Indeed, the linguistic andextralinguistic skills needed to carry out a successful interpretingperformance are&
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