精彩内容 前 言 自“十二五”时期以来,我国人口红利逐渐消失,经济增长从高速转入中高速的新常态,“十三五”时期中国将进入由中等收入国家向高收入国家迈进的重要阶段。根据国际经验,成功迈向高收入国家并非一蹴而就,中国经济发展在未来一段时期仍面临严峻的挑战。与此同时,“十三五”时期要确保全面建成小康社会的宏伟目标顺利实现,该目标的出发点和落脚点是进一步保障和改善民生,增加人民福祉。虽然,“十二五”以来,我国已逐步建立较为完善的劳动力市场保障制度、养老保险体系和基本医疗保险制度等民生保障制度,但现有社会保障制度依然面临制度公平性、财务可持续性、制度运行效率等诸多问题。 “十三五”时期的经济发展条件与快速增长时期迥然不同,尤其是人口、劳动力市场出现的新变化和新特点,如人口老龄化持续加速、劳动力从无限供给转为相对有限剩余、普通劳动力工资快速上涨、劳动力市场矛盾多发等问题。准确判断和理解未来中国人口发展和劳动力市场变化趋势,妥善应对人口结构变化和劳动力市场转折所引发的挑战是实现经济持续健康发展的重要条件,是全面实现“十三五”小康社会宏伟目标的重要基础。因此,本书将以“‘十二五’回顾和‘十三五’展望”为主题,分析“十二五”时期的人口、就业变化趋势以及各类民生保障制度面临的关键问题和挑战,在总结相关领域国际经验的基础上,探讨“十三五”时期如何通过完善各项社会制度实现更加充分的就业、更加均等的基本公共服务供给,从而形成新的经济增长点,延续中国经济增长奇迹。 本书作者长期从事人口理论、人口流动、劳动就业、社会保障等方面的研究,参与人口与发展、劳动就业、社会保障等领域的规划和政策制定工作,能够很好地将理论研究和实践结合起来。各章作者分别回顾了“十二五”时期人口发展、人口流动、劳动力就业及劳动报酬的变化趋势,系统分析了最低工资制度、养老保险和医疗保险制度改革发展历程,并给出“十三五”时期的人口与就业发展战略以及建设中国特色“福利社会”的相关建议。 Introduction Since 12th Five-Year Plan executed, China’s demographic dividend has gradually disappeared. Chinese economy growth slowdown from a high rate to mid-high rate growth. China will enter into an important stage, where the country will move from middle-income country to high-income country. According to international experience, this is not easy. At the same time, the 13th Five-Year Plan requires to achieve a comprehensive “Well-off” society. The starting point of this goal is to further improve people’s livelihood, to increase people’s well-being. China has gradually built a comprehensive pension insurance system, a basic medical insurance system and security system in the labor market during 12th Five-Year period. However, the existing so security system is still facing many problems, such as unfairness, finan unsustainability and system inefficiency. At “new normal” state, the Chinese economy will enter a new phase that is different from the high-speed growth pattern exhibited in the past, espely in population and labor markets, such as, rising elder population, relatively limited surpluses of migrant workers, rising labor wages etc. So, China’s economic development is still facing serious challenges during 13th Five-Year Plan period.Changing demographic structure and slowing down economic growth will also challenge the so security system at a higher level. In order to achieve a sustainable and healthy economic development, we need to understand the new features of Chinese population and labor market. The theme of this report is “12th Five-Year Review and 13th Five-Year Outlook”, which reviews the development of population and employment during the 12th Five-Year period, analyzes the key issues and challenges facing so policies, summarizes the related international experiences. This report also discusses how to perfect the so policy implementation to achieve more sufficient employment, more equal basic public services supply in the 13th Five-Year period, thus forming the new economic growth point to continue China’s economic miracle. The authors of this report have not only long been engaged in the theory of population, migration flows, employment, so security and other aspects of the research, but also participated in many related fields of policy planning and formulation, so they can combine theoretical research and practice effectively. This report conducts theoretical and practical research in the trends of population, migration flows, employment, labor compensation and so security system comprehensively for the purpose of offering population and development strategy in the 13th Five-Year period.
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