作者简介 VICTORIA FROMKIN:received her bachelor's degree in economics from the University of California, Berkeley, in 1944 and her M.A. and Ph.D. in linguistics from the University of California, Los Angeles, in 1963 and 1965, respectively. She was a member of the faculty of the UCLA Department of Linguistics from 1966 until her death in 2000, and served as its chair from 1972 to 1976. From 1979 to 1989 she served as the UCLA Graduate Dean and Vice Chancellor of Graduate Programs. She was a visiting professor at the Universities of Stockholm, Cambridge, and Oxford. Professor Fromkin served as president of the Linguistics Society of America in 1985, president of the Association of Graduate Schools in 1988, and chair of the Board of Governors of the Academy of Aphasia. She received the UCLA Distinguished Teaching Award and the Professional Achievement Award, and served as the U.S. Delegate and a member of the Executive Committee of the International Permanent Committee of Linguistics (CIPL). She was an elected Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the New York Academy of Science, the American Psychological Society, and the Acoustical Society of America, and in 1996 was elected to membership in the National Academy of Sciences. She published more than one hundred books, monographs, and papers on topics concerned with phonetics, phonology, tone languages, African languages, speech errors, processing models, aphasia, and the brain/mind/language interface--all research areas in which she worked. ROBERT RODMAN:received his bachelor's degree in mathematics from the University of California, Los Angeles, in 1961, a master's degree in mathemat-ics in 1965, a master's degree in linguistics in 1971, and his Ph.D. in linguis-tics in 1973. He has been on the faculties of the University of California at Santa Cruz, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kyoto Industrial College in Japan, and North Carolina State University, where he is currently a professor of computer science. His research areas are forensic linguistics and computer speech processing. Robert resides in Raleigh, North Carolina, with his two rescued greyhounds Gracie and Shelby-Sue. NINA HYAMS:received her bachelor's degree in journalism from Boston University in 1973 and her M.A. and Ph.D. degrees in linguistics from the Graduate Center of the City University of New York in 1981 and 1983, respectively. She joined the faculty of the University of California, Los Angeles, in 1983, where she is currently a professor of linguistics. Her main areas of research are childhood language development and syntax. She is author of the book Language Acquisition and the Theory of Parameters (D. Reidel Publishers, 1986), a milestone in language acquisition research. She has also published numerous articles on the development of syntax, morphology, and semantics in children. She has been a visiting scholar at the University of Utrecht and the University of Leiden in the Netherlands and has given numerous lectures throughout Europe and Japan. Nina lives in Los Angeles with her pal Spot, a rescued border collie mutt and his olde English bulldogge companion, the ever soulful Nellie.
目录 Preface About the Authors CHAPTER 1 What Is Language? Linguistic Knowledge Knowledge of the Sound System Knowledge of Words Arbitrary Relation of Form and Meaning The Creativity of Linguistic Knowledge Knowledge of Sentences and Nonsentences Linguistic Knowledge and Performance What IsGrammar? Descriptive Grammars Prescriptive Grammars Teaching Grammars Universal Grammar The Development of Grammar Sign Languages: Evidence for Language Universals What Is Not (Human) Language The Birds and the Bees Can Animals Learn Human Language? Language and Thought Summary References for Further Reading Exercises CHAPTER 2 Morphology: The Words of Language Content Words and Function Words Morphemes: The Minimal Units of Meaning The Discreteness of Morphemes Bound and Free Morphemes Prefixes and Suffixes Infixes Circumfixes Roots and Stems Bound Roots Rules of Word Formation Derivational Morphology Inflectional Morphology The Hierarchical Structure of Words Rule Productivity Exceptions and Suppletions Lexical Gaps Other Morphological Processes Back-Formations Compounds "Pullet Surprises" Sign Language Morphology Morphological Analysis: Identifying Morphemes Summary References for Further Reading Exercises Chapter 3 Syntax: The Sentence Patterns of Language Chapter 4 The Meaning of Language Chapter 5 Phonetics: The Sounds of Language Chapter 6 Phonology: The Sound Patterns of Language Chapter 7 Language in Society Chapter 8 Language Change: The Syllables of Time Chapter 9 Language Acquisition Chapter 10 Language Processing and the Human Brain Chapter 11 Computer Processing of Human Language Chapter 12 Writing: The ABCs of Language Glossary Index
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