目录 INTRODUCTION 1 Purpose of the Course 2 Model of English Pronunciation 3 Spelling and Sounds 4 Phonemic and Phonetic Transcription 5 Key to Phonetic Symbols and Other Signs CHAPTER ONE IndMdual Sounds of English Unit 1 Articulators Unit 2 English Phonemes 2.1 Phonemes and Allophones 2.2 Classification ofEnglish Phonemes Unit 3 Front Vowels: /i:/,/ i/, /e/, /a/ Unit4 Central Vowels Unit 5 Back Vowels: /a:/, /a/, /o:/, /u/, /u:/ Unit 6 6.1 ClosingDiphthongs:/ei/,/ai/,/oi/,/au/,/au/ 6.2 CenteringDiphthongs:/ia/,/ea/,/ua/ Unit 7 Plosives: /p, b/, /t, d/,/k, g/ 7.1 Bilabial Plosives /p, b/ 7.2 Alveolar Plosives /t, d/ 7.3 Velar Plosives /k, g/ Unit 8 Fricatives: /f, v, /θ, δ/, /s, z/ ∫ , з/, /h/ 8.1 Labio—Dental Fricatives /f, v/ 8.2 Dental Fricatives /θ,δ/ 8.3 Alveolar Fricatives /s, z/ 8.4 Palato—Alveolar Fricatives /∫, з/ 8.5 Glottal Fricative /h/ Unit 9 Affricates /t∫, dз/ Unit 10 Nasals: /m/, /n/, /п/ 10.1 Bilabial Nasal /m/ 10.2 Alveolar Nasal /n/ 10.3 Velar Nasal /п/ Unit 11 Lateral/i/ Unit 12 Approximants: /r/, /j/, /w/ 12.1 Post—Alveolar Approximant /r/ 12.2 PalatalApproximant/j/ 12.3 Labial—Velar Approximant /w/ CHAPTER TWO Phonemes in Combination Unit 13 English Syllable 13.1 The Nature of English Syllable 13.2 The Structure of English Syllable 13.3 Pronunciation of —s Endings 13.4 Pronunciation of —ed Endings Unit 14 Consonant Clusters 14.1 Consonant Clusters at the Beginning of Syllables 14.2 Consonant Clusters at the End of Syllables 14.3 Longer Consonant Clusters at Word Boundaries CHAPTER THREE Sound Changesin Connected Speech Unit 15 Strong and Weak Forms 15.1 The Use of Weak Forms 15.2 The Use of Strong Forms Unit 16 Linking (Liaison) 16.1 Linking Consonant to Vowel 16.2 Linking Consonant to the Same Consonant 16.3 Linking Consonant to Consonant Unit 17 Elision (Contractions) 17.1 Loss of Weak Vowels (in unstressed syllables 17.2 Loss of Medial Consonant in Clusters of Three Consonants 17.3 Elision of /h/ in Weak Forms of Pronouns 17.4 Contraction of Verb Forms (auxiliaries and modal auxiliaries) Unit 18 Assimilation 18 .1 Historical A ssimilation 18 .2 Contextual As similation 19.1 The Nature of Stress 19.2 The Levels of Stress 19.3 The Kinds of Stress Unit 20 Word Stress 20.1 Stressing of Prefix 20.2 Stressing of Suffix 20.3 Stressing of Compounds 20.4 Stress S hift Unit 21 Sentence Stress 21 .1 Sense Stress 21 .2 Logical Stress 21.3 Emotional Stress CHAPTER FIVE Intonation Unit 22 Intonation (1) 22.1 Falling and Risins Tones 22.2 Tails 22.3 Que stion Tags 22.4 Cleft Sentences 22.5 Questions (1) 22 .6 Question s (2) Unit 23 Intonation (2) 23.1 Repeat Questions 23 .2 Comparison s and Contrasts 23.3 Requests and Reservation 23.4 Attitude Words and Phrases (1) 23.5 Attitude Words and Phrases (2) Appendix Ⅰ Rules of Pronunciation Appendix Ⅱ Differences in Pronunciation between British English and American English Appendix Ⅲ English Syllable Structure Appendix Ⅳ Tense—Lax Vowel Alternations in Stressed Syllables of Base Forms and Derived Words References
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