目录 1 How legal rules are made如何制定法律规则 legal rules and“law”法律规则和“法” The formulation of the law: cases and statutes法律体系:判例法和制定法 English ancestry of American law美国法的英国血统 Development ofspecial doctrines and procedure“In equity”“衡平法”专门学说和程序的发展 Survivals of doctrines and procedures of formerly independent courts先前独立法院的原理和程序的保留 Lack of uniformity In state law州法的不统一
2 The dual court structure双重法院体制
3 Civil proceedings: objectives民事诉讼:目的 Obtaining payment of money获得金钱支付 Foreclosure of lien取消留置权 Terminating existing wrong—preventing threatened wrong终止现有过错——防止过错威胁 Protection of creditors of insolvent or embarrassed debtors对破产或财政困难的债务人的债权人的保护 Declaration of rights权利确认
4 Civil proceedings: jurisdiction民事诉讼:管辖权 Cases brought only in the federal court只能在联邦法院起诉之案件 Cases in either state or federal courts可在州法院或联邦法院提起的案件 Cases brought only in state courts只在州法院提起之案件 State in which action may be brought可提起诉讼之州 Jurisdiction by attachment查封管辖 Court in which action may be brought可提起诉讼之法院
5 Civil proceedings: procedure民事诉讼:程序 Pleadings诉辩状 Law applicable to issues of law法律问题之准据法 Pre4rial p roceedings大审前程序 Rightto Jurytrial陪审团审理权 Trial ofissues offact事实问题审 The future of the civil jury民事审判团之未来 Appeal上诉 Voluntary arbitration as a substitute for civil litigation替代民诉之自愿仲裁
6 Criminal proceedings:investigation, arrest, and accusation刑事诉讼:侦查、拘捕和起诉 Constitutional limitations upon Investigative agencies宪法对侦查机关的限制 Obtalnlng dlsclosure of informatlon获得信息披露 Search for physical evidence搜查物证 Eavesdropplng窃听 Arrest拘捕 Prellmlnaryjudicial examination of charge made bypolice对警方指控的司法预审 The right to counsel at the preliminary examination预审中律师的权利 Furnishing defendant with assistance in investigatlon给被告提供侦查援助
7 Criminal proceedings: plea, trial, sentence.appeal刑事诉讼程序:抗辩、大审、量刑、上诉 Extradition引渡 Pleading: importance of the plea of guilty辩护:有罪辩护之重要性 Sentencing on plea of guilty有罪辩护之量刑 Furnishing trial counsel to the indigent defendant给穷困被告提供大审律师 Right to jury trial陪审团审权 Method of proof证明方法 Selection of the Jury挑选陪审团 Trial procedu re大审程序 Thejurys role In sentencing陪审团在量刑中的角色 Appeal上诉 Post-conviction remedies定罪后的补救办法
8 Administrative justice行政司法 The meaning of "administrative"“行政”的意义 Adjudication of private disputes私人争议的裁决 Enforcement of regulatory statutes行政管理法规的强制执行 The enforcement proceeding强制执行程序 Adminlstrative lustlce and the courts行政司法和法院 Necessity for a dual system of trlbunals双重体系裁判庭的必要性
9 Militaryjustice军事司法 Courts-martial临时军事法庭 General court-martlal一般临时军事法庭 Milltary commissions特别军事法庭
10 The cou rts as a check on the executive法院对行政机关的制约 Court supervision of executive adjudlcatlon法院对行政裁决的监督 Grounds ofjudiclal condemnation of executive action司法宣布行政行为不当的依据 Prohibition of contemplated executive action禁止计划实施的行政行为 Undoing wrongful executive action撤销违法行政行为 Recovery of compensation for wrongful executive action违法行政行为的索赔 Compelling executive action强制性行政作为 Criminal proceedlngs against executive offlcers对行政官员的刑事诉讼 The federal cou rts as a check on state officials联邦法院对州官的制约 Control of executlve action in time of public disorder or of war公共骚乱期间或战时对行政行为的控制
11 The courts as a check on legislation法院对立法的制约 Power to void legislation exercised by highest cou rts only只有最高法院方能行使的废除立法权 Difficulty of constltutlonal amendment as affecting Importance of iudlclal review修宪难与司法审查重要性的关系 Generality of constitutional provisions as affecting Importance of judicial review宪法条文笼统性与司法审查重要性的关系 Amblgulty of the Constitution on allocation of power of economic regulation《联邦宪法》在经济管理权分配上的含混 The concept of "due process of law"“正当法律程序”概念
12 Manning the machinery ofjustice对公平机制的操控 The selection ofjudges:the political factor挑选法官:政治因素 The federal judlclary联邦法官 State judiciarles州法官 Jurors陪审员 Administrative adjudicators行政裁决人员 Arbitrators仲裁员 Public prosecutors公诉人
内容摘要 Lewis Mayers原著的《公平机制——法律体系和程序导论》主要介绍了美国法律的起源,并分类介绍了民法、刑法、行政诉讼法、军事法、法庭等方面的大概情况。对于想了解英美法系的读者来说是一本十分有用的知识性读本。 《公平机制——法律体系和程序导论》的编写目的在于为非法律专业的学生和一般读者提供一本了解美国司法机构程序的基础读本,同时为法律专业学生和法律专业人士提供一本专业方面的英语读物。 本书语言规范、标准,难度适当。读者在了解美国法律制度的同时,可提高英语阅读能力,并学到大量有关法律的英文表达法和词汇。
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