目录 Note to the instructor Note to the student Acknowledgements Abbreviations used in examples Tables and figures 1 What is syntax? 章节导读 1.1 Some concepts and misconceptions 1.1.1 What is the study of syntax about? 1.1.2 Language change 1.2 Use of linguistic examples 1.2.1 Why not just use examples from English? 1.2.2 How to read linguistic examples 1.3 Why do languages have syntax? 1.3.1 Word order 1.3.2 Promotion and demotion processes 1.3.3 All languages have structure Further reading Exercises Notes 2 Words belong to different classes 章节导读 2.1 Identifying word classes 2.1.1 How can we tell that words belong to different classes? 2.1.2 Starting to identify nouns, adjectives and verbs 2.1.3 An illustration: How do speakers of a language identify word classes? 2.2 Verbs 2.2.1 An introduction to verb classes 2.2.2 Verbs and their grammatical categories 2.3 Nouns 2.3.1 Semantic roles for noun phrases 2.3.2 Syntactic roles for noun phrases 2.3.3 Nouns and their grammatical categories 2.3.4 Nouns,definiteness and determiners 2.4 Adjectives 2.4.1 Positions and functions of adjectives 2.4.2 Adjectives and intensifiers 2.4.3 Adjectives and their grammatical categories 2.4.4 Are adjectives essential? 2.5 Adverbs 2.5.1 Adverbs and adjectives 2.5.2 The adjunct function 2.6 Prepositions 2.6.1 Identifying prepositions in English 2.6.2 Postpositions 2.6.3 Grammatical categories for adpositions 2.7 Conclusion Further reading Exercises 3 Looking inside sentences
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