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  • 【假一罚四】伊索寓言伊索
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【假一罚四】伊索寓言伊索

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作者伊索

出版社译林出版社

ISBN9787544773263

出版时间2018-07

装帧其他

开本16开

定价32元

货号30222426

上书时间2024-10-27

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作者简介
伊索，古希腊著名的寓言家。他与俄国的克雷洛夫、法国的拉·封丹和德国的莱辛并称世界四大寓言家。他曾是爱琴海上萨摩斯岛的奴隶，但因知识渊博、聪颖过人，最终获得自由。他的寓言故事深受人民的喜爱，后人将古希腊和古罗马流传的寓言汇编成集，统归在伊索名下，成为了著名的《伊索寓言》。

目录
Introduction
Note on the Text and Translation
Select Bibliography
Chronology of the Fables
AESOP’S FABLES
Aesop, the Popular Favourite
I.The Fables
II.Aetiologies, Paradoxes, Insults, and Jokes
Index of Perry Numbers
Index of Sources
General Index

内容摘要
本书以英译本的形式呈现了用古拉丁文和古希腊文记录的大部分故事，完整收录了600篇寓言，按照情节和寓意重新编排。这些简短的寓言故事大多由动物充当主角，它们的言行举止均表现出人类社会的特征，虽浅显易懂，却发人深省，展示了一个鲜活真实的古希腊世界。书中附有作品导读和注释，全方位解读寓言中蕴含的思想观点和道德意识。

精彩内容
AESOP,THEPOPULARFAVOURITEFable1(Chambry96=Perry63)DemadesandtheAtheniansTheoratorDemadeswastryingtoaddresshisAthenianaudience.Whenhefailedtogettheirattention,heaskedifhemighttellthemanAesop'sfable.Theaudienceagreed,soDemadesbeganhisstory.‘ThegoddessDemeter,aswallow,andaneelwerewalkingtogetherdowntheroad.Whentheyreachedariver,theswallowflewupintheairandtheeeljumpedintothewater.’Demadesthenfellsilent.Theaudienceasked,‘AndwhataboutthegoddessDemeter?’‘AsforDemeter,’Demadesreplied,‘sheisangryatallofyouforpreferringAesop'sfablestopolitics!’Soitisthatfoolishpeopledisregardimportantbusinessinfavouroffrivolities.Note:Demades(d.319B.C.E.)wasanAthenianoratoranddiplomat.DemeterwasaGreekagriculturalgoddessandwasofspecialimportancetotheAtheniansbecauseofthecultoftheEleusinianMysteries(seeFable559).Fable2(pseudo-Plutarch,LivesoftheTenOrators848a=Perry460)DemosthenesandtheAtheniansTheysaythatduringanassemblyinAthens,Demostheneswaspreventedfrommakinghisspeech,sohetoldtheaudiencehewantedtosayjustafewwords.Whentheaudiencehadfallensilent,Demosthenesbeganhistale.'Itwassummertime,andayoungmanhadhiredadonkeytotakehimfromAthenstoMegara.Atmidday,whenthesunwasblazinghot,theyoungmanandthedonkey'sdriverbothwantedtositinthedonkey'sshadow.Theybegantojostleoneanother,fightingforthespotintheshade.Thedrivermaintainedthatthemanhadrentedthedonkeybutnothisshadow,whiletheyoungmanclaimedthathehadrentedboththedonkeyandalltherightsthereto.'Havingtoldthismuchofthestory,Demosthenesthenturnedhisbackontheaudienceandbegantowalkaway.TheAtheniansshoutedathimtostopandbeggedhimtofinishthestory.'Indeed!'saidDemosthenes.'Youwanttohearallaboutthedonkey'sshadow,butyourefusetopayattentionwhensomeonetalkstoyouaboutseriousmatters!'Note:Demosthenes(d.322B.C.E.)wasarenownedoratoroffourth-centuryAthens.MegaraisaGreekcityontheSaronicGulftothewestofAthens.The'donkey'sshadow'wasanancientclicheforsomethingoftrivialimportance(see,forexample,Plato,Phaedrus260candAristophanes,Wasps191).I.THEFABLESFABLESABOUTSLAVESANDMASTERSFable3(Babrius100=Perry346)TheWolf,thedog,andtheCollarAcomfortablyplumpdoghappenedtorunintoawolf.Thewolfaskedthedogwherehehadbeenfindingenoughfoodtogetsobigandfat.‘Itisaman,’saidthedog,‘whogivesmeallthisfoodtoeat.’Thewolfthenaskedhim,‘Andwhataboutthatbarespotthereonyourneck?’Thedogreplied,‘Myskinhasbeenrubbedbarebytheironcollarwhichmymasterforgedandplaceduponmyneck.’Thewolfthenjeeredatthedogandsaid,‘Keepyourluxurytoyourselfthen!Idon'twantanythingtodowithit,ifmyneckwillhavetochafeagainstachainofiron!’Note:Caxton(3.15)addsthisepimythium:‘Therforethereisnorychessegretterthanlyberte/Forlyberteisbetterthanallethegoldoftheworld.’Fable4(Chambry264=Perry183)thedonkey,andtheDriverAnonagersawadonkeystandinginthesunshine.Theonagerapproachedthedonkeyandcongratulatedhimonhisgoodphysicalconditionandexcellentdiet.Lateron,theonagersawthatsamedonkeybearingaloadonhisbackandbeingharriedbyadriverwhowasbeatingthedonkeyfrombehindwithaclub.Theonagerthendeclared,‘Well,Iamcertainlynotgoingtoadmireyourgoodfortuneanylonger,seeingasyoupaysuchahighpriceforyourprosperity!’Note:Theonager,orwildass,onceroamedtheplainsofcentralAsia.ThewordonagerisfromtheGreekonos,‘donkey’,andagros,‘field’.Fable5(Syntipas30=Perry411)TheDonkey,theOnager,andtheLionAnonagersawadonkeylabouringunderaheavyloadandhemadefunofthedonkey’senslavement.‘Luckyme!’saidtheonager.‘Iamfreefrombondageanddonothavetoworkforanyoneelse,sinceIhavegrassnearathandonthehillsides,whileyourelyonsomeoneelsetofeedyou,foreveroppressedbyslaveryanditsblows!’Atthatverymomentalionhappenedtoappearonthescene.Hedidnotcomenearthedonkeysincethedonkey'sdriverwasstandingbesidehim.Theonager,however,wasallalone,sothelionattackedanddevouredhim.Thestoryshowsthatpeoplewhoareobstinateandinsubordinatecometoabadendbecausetheygetcarriedawaybytheirownsenseofstubbornnessandrefusetoaskothersforassistance.Fable6(Phaedrus4.1=Perry164)TheDonkey,thePriests,andtheTambourinesItisnotenoughthatamanwhoisbornunderanunluckystarleadsanunhappylife:thebitterafflictionofhisfatepursueshimevenafterheisdead.TheGalli,thosepriestsofthegoddessCybebe,usedadonkeytocarrytheirluggagewhentheywentaroundbeggingforalms.Whentheirdonkeyfinallydied,overcomebyworkandthewhip,theystrippedhishideandmadethemselvessometambourines.Whensomeoneaskedthemwhattheyhaddonewiththeirdarlingdonkey,thepriestsreplied,‘Hethoughtthatoncehediedhewouldgetsomerest,buthekeepsongettingbeatenjustthesame!’Note:ForanotherfableabouttheGalli,priestsoftheAnatoliangoddessCybebe(orCybele),seeFable244.Thesepriestswerefamousfortheirraucousmusic,includingtheuseoftambourines.Fable7(PhaedrusApp.20=Perry548)AesopandtheRunawaySlaveAslavewhowasrunningawayfromhiscruelmasterhappenedtomeetAesop,whoknewhimasaneighbour.‘What’sgotyousoexcited?’askedAesop.‘FatherAesop—anameyouwelldeservesinceyouarelikeafathertome—I’mgoingtobeperfectlyfrank,sinceyoucanbesafelytrustedwithmytroubles.There’splentyofwhippingandnotenoughfood.I'mconstantlysentonerrandsouttothefarmwithoutanyprovisionsforthejourney.Ifthemasterdinesathome,Ihavetowaitonhimallnightlong;ifheisinvitedsomewhereelse,Ihavetolieoutsideinthegutteruntildawn.Ishouldhaveearnedmyfreedombynow,butmyhairshavegonegrayandI'mstillslavingaway.IfIhaddoneanythingtodeservethis,Iwouldstopcomplainingandsuffermyfateinsilence.ButthefactisthatInevergetenoughtoeatandmycruelmasterisalwaysafterme.Forthesereasons,alongwithothersthatitwouldtaketoolongtotellyou,I’vedecidedtogowherevermyfeetwillleadme.’‘Well,’saidAesop,'listentowhatIsay:ifyoumustenduresuchhardshipwithouthavingdoneanythingwrong,asyousay,thenwhatisgoingtohappentoyounowthatyoureallyareguiltyofsomething?’Withthesewordsofadvice,Aesopscaredtheslaveintogivinguphisplansofescape.Note:ThereisapromythiumappendedtothefableinPerotti’sAppendix:‘Thefableshowsthatyoushouldnotaddoneproblemtoanother.’Fable8(Chambry164=Perry131)TheJackdawandtheStringAmancaughtajackdawandtiedthebird’sfootwithapieceofstringsothathecouldgivethebirdtohischildrenasapresent.Thejackdaw,however,couldnotstandtoliveinhumansociety,sowhentheylethimlooseforjustamoment,heranaway.Butwhenhegotbacktohisnest,thestringbecameentangledinthebranches,sothatthejackdawwasunabletofly.Ashewasdying,thebirdsaidtohimself,‘Howstupidofme!SinceIcouldnotstandbeingaslaveinhumansociety,Ihavebroughtaboutmyowndeath.’Thisstoryisappropriateforpeoplewhowanttorescuethemselvesfromsomemoderatedifficultiesand,withoutrealizingit,findthemselvesinevenmoreserioustrouble.Fable9(MaximusofTyre,Orations19=Perry465)TheButcher,theShepherd,andtheLambAshepherdandabutcherwerewalkingalongtheroadtogether.Theysawaplumplittlelambwhohadwanderedawayfromtheflockandhadbeenleftbehindbyhisfellowsheep.Theshepherdandthebutcherbothrushedtograbthelamb.Thiswasbackinthedayswhenanimalsspokethesamelanguageaspeople,sothelambaskedthetwomenwhytheywantedtograbhimandcarryhimoff.Afterthelambfoundoutwhattheybothdid,heturnedandofferedhimselftotheshepherd.‘Youarenothingbutanexecutionerofsheep,’hesaidtothebutcher,‘andyourhandsarestainedwiththebloodoftheflock!Thisman,ontheotherhand,rejoicesifwethriveandprosper.’Note:MaximusofTyrewasaGreekphilosopherandsophistofthesecondcenturyC.E.Fable10(Chambry273*=Perry179)TheDonkeyandHisMastersTherewasadonkeywhoworkedforagardener.Becausethegardenermadethedonkeyworkveryhardbutgavehimverylittlefood,thedonkeyprayedtoZeustotakehimawayfromthegardenerandgivehimtoanothermaster,soZeussentHermestosellthedonkeytoapotter.Thedonkeyalsofoundthissituationunbearable,sincehewasforcedtocarryevenheavierloadsthanbefore.HecalleduponZeusagain,andthistimeZeusarrangedforthedonkeytobepurchasedbyatanner.Whenthedonkeysawthekindofworkthetannerdid,hesaid,‘Oh,itwouldhavebeenbetterformetohavekeptonworkingformypreviousmastersinastateofstarvation!NowIhaveendedupinaplacewhereIwon'tevengetaproperburialafterIdie.’Thestoryshowsthatslavesmisstheirformermastersthemostwhentheyhavehadsomeexperiencewiththeirnewones.Note:ZeusisthesupremegodoftheGreekpantheon,andHermesishismessenger,oftenservingasZeus’sagentinearthlyaffairs.Forasimilarfableaboutever-worseningmasters,seeFable28.Fable11(Phaedrus1.15=Perry476)TheOldMan,theDonkey,andthePackSaddlesWhenthereisachangeingovernment,nothingchangesforthepoorfolkexcepttheirmaster'sname.Acowardlyoldmanhadledhisdonkeyouttopasture.Attheunexpectedsoundoftheenemyapproaching,theoldmanwasstrickenwithterrorandtriedtopersuadethedonkeytorunawaysothathewouldn’tbecaptured.Thedonkeyobstinatelyaskedtheoldman,‘Tellme,doyousupposethevictorwillmakemecarrytwopacksaddlesinsteadofone?’Theoldmansaidhedidnotthinkso.‘Irestmycase,’concludedthedonkey.‘Whatdifferencedoesitmakewhomymasteris,ifIalwayscarryonesaddleatatime?’Fable12(Phaedrus1.30=Perry485)TheFrogsandtheBattleoftheBullsPoorfolksufferwhenthehighandmightyareatwarwithoneanother.Afroglookedoutfromherpondandsawabattletakingplacebetweenthebulls.'Ohno!'shesaid,'Thereisterribledangerinstoreforus.'Anotherfrogaskedherwhyshesaidthis,sincethebullswerefightingforcontroloftheherdintheirhomefarawayfromthefrogs.Thefirstfrogexplained,'Whiletheirhabitatmaybeseparatefromoursandourspeciesnotthesame,thebullwhoisdrivenfromthelordshipofthemeadowwillcometofindasecrethidingplacehereinthemarsh,crushingusbeneathhisheavyhooves.Thatiswhytheirfrenzyisamatteroflifeanddeathforus!'Fable13(Babrius90=Perry341)TheLionandtheFawnThelionhadgoneintoinaragingfrenzy.Afawnsawhimfromthewoodsandsaid,‘Oh,wereallyareintrouble!Nowthatthelionisenraged,hewillnotstopatanything—andhewasalreadymorethanwecouldbearevenbeforehe

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