目录 LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES9 PREFACE11 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION1 1.1What is Contrastive Linguistics?1 1.1.1The Name and Nature of Contrastive Linguistics2 1.1.1.1Linguistics2 1.1.1.2Contrastive Linguistics (Contrastive Analysis)4 1.1.2Micro-Contrastive Linguistics and Macro-Contrastive Linguistics10 1.2Why Contrastive Linguistics?11 1.2.1The Theoretical Need for Contrastive Linguistics12 1.2.2The Practical Need for Contrastive Linguistics13 1.3The History and Development of Contrastive Linguistics18 Questions for Discussion and Research26 CHAPTER 2 THE PRINCIPLES AND METHODS OF CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS28 2.1Basic Assumptions and Hypotheses Underlying Contrastive Analysis (CA)28 2.1.1The Psychological Basis of Contrastive Analysis: Transfer29 2.1.2The Strong and Weak Versions of Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis30 2.1.3The Predictive Power of Contrastive Analysis31 2.2Theoretical Contrastive Analysis and Applied Contrastive Analysis32 2.3Criteria for Comparison37 2.3.1The Surface Structure (SS)38 2.3.2The Deep Structure (DS)40 2.3.3Translation Equivalence44 2.4Procedures of Contrastive Analysis49 Questions for Discussion and Research50
CHAPTER 3 PHONETIC AND PHONOLOGICAL CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS52 3.1Phonetics and Phonology52 3.2Contrastive Phonetics54 3.2.1Articulatory Phonetics54 3.2.1.1Vocal organs (articulators) and the dynamics of voice production54 3.2.1.2The modulation of speech sounds58 3.2.2Acoustic Phonetics60 3.2.2.1Frequency60 3.2.2.2Amplitude of vibration61 3.2.2.3Timbre61 3.2.3Auditory Phonetics62 3.3Contrastive Phonology65 3.3.1Phonological Contrastive Analysis65 3.3.1.1The functional statuses of comparable speech sounds in different languages65 3.3.1.2Pronunciation problems caused by phonemic asymmetries and by allophonic differences66 3.3.1.3The functional loads of comparable phonological contrasts in different languages67 3.3.2Two Phonologic
以下为对购买帮助不大的评价