目录 Chapter 1 Introduction to Mass Transfer Processes1 1.1 Mass Transfer Processes1 1.1.1 Mass Transfer and Other Separation Methods1 1.1.2 Representation of Phase Compositions4 1.2 Mass Transfer Theories7 1.2.1 Molecular Diffusion7 1.2.2 Mass Transfer in a Single Phase17 1.2.3 Mass Transfer between Phases19 Words and Expressions22 Notes22 Calculation Exercises24 Short Assay Exercises24
Chapter 2 Gas Absorption25 2.1 Introduction25 2.1.1 Gas Absorption Processes25 2.1.2 Absorbent Selection27 2.1.3 Classification of Gas Absorption27 2.2 Gas-liquid Equilibrium of Absorption28 2.2.1 Solubility of Gas in Liquid28 2.2.2 Henry apos;s Law29 2.2.3 Application of Phase Equilibrium Relation in Absorption Processes33 2.3 Absorption Rate Equations35 2.3.1 Film Absorption Rate Equations35 2.3.2 Overall Absorption Rate Equations38 2.3.3 Application Specifications of Absorption Rate Equations41 2.4 Design Calculations for Absorption (or Desorption) Columns42 2.4.1 Material Balance and Operating Line Equations42 2.4.2 Determination of Absorbent Dosage44 2.4.3 Calculation of Columns apos; Required Diameter47 2.4.4 Calculation of Packed Layer Height47 2.5 Absorption Coefficients57 2.5.1 Determination of Absorption Coefficients58 2.5.2 Empirical Equations for Absorption Coefficients59 2.5.3 Characteristic Number Correlation Equations of Absorption Coefficients60 2.6 Desorption and Other Absorption Processes64 2.6.1 Desorption or Stripping64 2.6.2 Absorption from Rich Gases66 2.6.3 Absorption with Chemical Reactions68 2.7 Packed Columns69 2.7.1 Characteristic Parameters and Types of Packings69 2.7.2 Hydrodynamic Properties of Packed Columns75 Words and Expressions81 Notes81 Calculation Exercises83 Short Assay Exercises84
Chapter 3 Distillation85 3.1 Introduction85 3.2 Vapor-liquid Equilibrium of Binary Solutions86 3.2.1 Raoult apos;s Law for Ideal Solutions86 3.2.2 Relative Volatility of Vapor-liquid Systems86 3.2.3 Vapor-liquid Equilibrium Phase Diagrams of Ideal Binary Systems87 3.2.4 Vapor-liquid Equilibrium Phase Diagrams of Non-ideal Binary Systems89 3.3 Flash Distillation and Simple Distillation91 3.3.1 Flash Distillation91 3.3.2 Principles and Calculations of Simple Distillation94 3.4 Principles and Processes of Continuous Distillation97 3.4.1 Principles of Distillation97 3.4.2 Distillation Columns and Operating Processes of Distillation99 3.5 Design of Continuous Distillation Columns for Binary Mixtures101 3.5.1 Concept of Ideal Plates and Hypothesis of Constant Molar Flow102 3.5.2 Material Balance and Operating Line Equations103 3.5.3 Effects of Feed Conditions and q Line107 3.5.4 The Number of Ideal Plates111 3.5.5 Special Cases for Calculation of Ideal Plates116 3.5.6 Selection and Influence of the Reflux Ratio126 3.5.7 Short-cut Method for Calculation of the Number of Ideal Plates132 3.5.8 Plate Efficiency and Actual Plates135 3.5.9 Process Calculations of Reboilers and Condensers138 3.5.10 Operation Analysis of Distillation Columns143 3.6 Batch Distillation for Binary Mixtures146 3.6.1 Processes and Characteristics of Batch Distillation146 3.6.2 Calculation of Batch Distillation with Overhead Distillate at Constant Composition146 3.6.3 Calculation of Batch Distillation with Constant Reflux Ratio149 3.7 Special Distillation151 3.7.1 Azeotropic Distillation151 3.7.2 Extractive Distillation153 3.7.3 Molten Salt Distillation and Salt Extraction Distillation154 3.8 Plate Columns155 3.8.1 Plate Column Equipment155 3.8.2 Plate Types and Fluid Flow Phenomena on Plates157 Words and Expressions161 Notes162 Calculation Exercises164 Short Assay Exercises168
Chapter 4 Liquid-liquid Extraction169 4.1 Phase Equilibrium170 4.1.1 Liquid-liquid Equilibrium170 4.1.2 Effects of Temperature on Phase Equilibrium177 4.1.3 Representation of Extraction Processes in Triangular Phase Diagram178 4.1.4 Selection of Extractants180 4.2 Calculations for Extraction184 4.2.1 Calculations for Single-stage Extraction184 4.2.2 Calculations for Multistage Cross-current Extraction188 4.2.3 Calculations for Multistage Counter-current Extraction194 4.3 Liquid Extraction Equipment202 4.3.1 Mixer-settler203 4.3.2 Column Extraction Equipment205 4.3.3 Centrifugal Extraction Equipment208 4.3.4 Fluid Flow and Mass Transfer Characteristics of Liquid-liquid Mass Transfer Equipment209 4.3.5 Selection of Extraction Equipment213 Words and Expressions214 Notes214 Calculation Exercises216 Short Assay Exercises219
Chapter 5 Drying220 5.1 Introduction220 5.1.1 Purposes of Drying220 5.1.2 Methods of Drying220 5.1.3 Factors Affecting Drying Processes221 5.2 Nature of Wet Air and Wet Materials223 5.2.1 Nature of Wet Air223 5.2.2 Enthalpy-humidity Diagram of Wet Air and Its Applications231 5.3 Properties of Wet Materials235 5.3.1 Moisture Content of Materials235 5.3.2 Classification of Wet Materials236 5.3.3 Combined State of Material and Moisture237 5.4 Material Balance and Energy Balance in Drying Processes240 5.4.1 Material Balance240 5.4.2 Energy Balance241 5.4.3 State Change of Air Passing Through Dryers244 5.4.4 Heat Efficiency and Energy Saving of Dryers249 5.5 Drying Kinetics252 5.5.1 Drying Kinetics Test253 5.5.2 Calculation of Drying Time256 5.6 Dryers263 5.6.1 Classification of Dryers263 5.6.2 Van Dryers and Tunnel Dryers264 5.6.3 Rotary Dryers268 5.6.4 Belt Dryers270 5.6.5 Drum Dryers272 5.6.6 Spray Drying274 5.6.7 Fluidized Bed Drying277 5.6.8 Airflow Drying281 5.6.9 Microwave and High Frequency Drying283 Words and Expressions285 Notes285 Calculation Exercises287 Short Assay Exercises289
Chapter 6 Other Types of Mass Transfer Separation Processes290 6.1 Membrane Separation290 6.1.1 Separation Membrane and Membrane Modules290 6.1.2 Membrane Separation Processes292 6.2 Supercritical Fluid Extraction299 6.2.1 Supercritical Fluids299 6.2.2 The Extraction Processes of SFE301 6.2.3 Applications of Supercritical Fluid Extraction302 6.3 Adsorption303 6.3.1 Adsorption Processes303 6.3.2 Adsorbents304 6.3.3 Adsorption Isotherms305 6.3.4 Adsorption Rate307 6.3.5 Fixed-bed Adsorption308 Words and Expressions310 Notes310 Short Assay Exercises311
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