基本信息 书名:Side Reactions in Peptide Synthesis 多肽合成副反应 定价:198.00元 作者:Yi YANG 出版社:清华大学出版社 出版日期:2015-12-01 ISBN:9787302423157 字数: 页码:362 版次:1 装帧:精装 开本:大32开 商品重量: 编辑推荐
内容提要 本书是作者在十多年多肽合成第一手经验的基础之上,结合大量相关文献完成的。全书系统地介绍了多肽合成中常见的副反应,其产生的机理,以及相应的解决方案。其中很多副反应的产生是在GMP生产条件下被发现并加以研究的,其形成机理与生产工艺的开发紧密相关。多肽杂质的形成对于多肽类API的GMP生产具有非常关键的影响,因此检测和分析多肽杂质对成功的API工业生产至关重要。而掌握多肽副反应产生的机理、分析手段及相应的优化方案,则是整个多肽API工艺开发和生产环节中的核心要素。本书可供学术界与工业界相关人员参考使用。 目录 1 Peptide Fragmentation/Deletion Side 1.1 Acidolysis of Peptides Containing N-Ac-N-alkyl-Xaa Motif 1.2 Des-Ser/Thr Impurities Induced by O-acyl Isodipeptide Boc-Ser/Thr(Fmoc-Xaa)-OH as Building Block for Peptide Synthesis 1.3 Acidolysis of -N-acyl-N-alkyl-Aib-Xaa- Bond 1.4 Acidolysis of -Asp-Pro- Bond 1.5 Autodegradation of Peptide N-Terminal H-His-Pro-Xaa- Moiety 1.6 Acidolysis of the Peptide C-Terminal N-Me-Xaa 1.7 Acidolysis of Peptides with N-Terminal FITC Modifi cation 1.8 Acidolysis of Thioamide Peptide 1.9 Deguanidination Side Reaction on Arg 1.10 DKP (2,5-Diketopiperazine) Formation References 2 Elimination Side 2.1 Elimination of Cys Sulfhydryl Side Chain 2.2 Elimination of Phosphorylated Ser/Thr References 3 Peptide Global Deprotection/Scavenger-Induced Side 3.1 Tert-Butylation Side Reaction on Trp During Peptide Global Deprotection 3.2 Trp Alkylation by Resin Linker Cations During Peptide Cleavage/Global Deprotection 3.3 Formation of Trp-EDT and Trp-EDT-TFA Adduct in Peptide Global Deprotection 3.4 Trp Dimerization Side Reaction During Peptide Global Deprotection 3.5 Trp Reduction During Peptide Global Deprotection 3.6 Cys Alkylation During Peptide Global Deprotection 3.7 Formation of Cys-EDT Adducts in Peptide Global Deprotection Reaction 3.8 Peptide Sulfonation in Side Chain Global Deprotection Reaction 3.9 Premature Acm Cleavage Off Cys(Acm) and Acm S→ O Migration During Peptide Global Deprotection 3.10 Methionine Alkylation During Peptide Side Chain Global Deprotection with DODT as Scavenger 3.11 Thioanisole-Induced Side Reactions in Peptide Side Chain Global Deprotection References 4 Peptide Rearrangement Side 4.1 Acid Catalyzed Acyl N→ O Migration and the Subsequent Peptide Acidolysis 4.2 Base Catalyzed Acyl O→ N Migration 4.3 His-Nim- Induced Acyl Migration References 5 Side Reactions Upon Amino Acid/Peptide Carboxyl A 5.1 Formation of N-Acylurea Upon Peptide/Amino Acid-Carboxyl Activation by DIC 5.2 Uronium/Guanidinium Salt Coupling Reagents-Induced Amino Group Guanidination Side Reactions 5.3 -Lactam Formation Upon Arg Activation Reaction 5.4 NCA Formation Upon Boc/Z-Amino Acid Activation 5.5 Dehydration of Side Chain-Unprotected Asn/Gln During Carboxyl-Activation 5.6 Formation of H--Ala-OSu from HOSu-Carbodiimide Reaction During Amino Acid Carboxyl-Activation 5.7 Benzotriazinone Ring Opening and Peptide Chain Termination During Carbodiimide/HOOBt Mediated Coupling Reactions 5.8 Peptide Chain Termination Through the Formation of Peptide N-Terminal Urea in CDI-Mediated Coupling Reaction 5.9 Guanidino or Hydantoin-2-Imide Formation from Carbodiimide and N Group on Amino Acid/Peptide 5.10 Side Reactions-Induced by Curtius Rearrangement on Peptide Acyl Azide 5.11 Formation of Pyrrolidinamide-Induced by Pyrrolidine Impurities in Phosphonium Salt References 6 Intramolecular Cyclization Side 6.1 Aspartimide Formation 6.1.1 Factors That Infl uence Aspartimide Formation 6.1.2 Solutions for Aspartimide Formation 6.2 Asn/Gln Deamidation and Other Relevant Side Reactions 6.2.1 Mechanism of Asn/Gln Deamidation 6.2.2 Factors Impacting on Asn/Gln Deamidation 6.2.3 Influences of Asn/Gln Deamidation on Peptide Chemical Synthesis 6.3 Pyroglutamate Formation 6.4 Hydantoin Formation 6.5 Side Reactions on N-Terminal Cys(Cam) and N-Bromoacetylated Peptide 153 References 7 Side Reactions on Amino Groups in Peptide 7.1 N-Acetylation Side Reactions 7.2 Trifluoroacetylation Side Reactions 7.3 Formylation Side Reactions 7.3.1 Trp(For)-Induced Peptide Formylation 7.3.2 Formic Acid-Induced Peptide Formylation 7.3.3 DMF-Induced Peptide Formylation 7.4 Peptide N-Alkylation Side Reactions 7.4.1 Chloromethyl Resin Induced Peptide N-Alkylation Side Reactions 7.4.2 Peptide N-Alkylation During Deblocking of N-Urethane Protecting Group 7.4.3 Peptide N-Alkylation During Global Deprotection 7.4.4 N-Alkylation Side Reaction on N-Terminal His via Acetone-Mediated Enamination 7.5 Side Reactions During Amino Acid N-Protection (Fmoc-OSu Induced Fmoc--Ala-OH and Fmoc--Ala-AA-OH Dipeptide Formation) References 8 Side Reactions on Hydroxyl and Carboxyl Groups in Peptide 8.1 Side Reactions on Asp/Glu Side Chain and Peptide Backbone Carboxylate 8.1.1 Base-Catalyzed Asp/Glu(OBzl) Transesterifi cation Side Reaction During the Loading of Chloromethyl Resin 8.1.2 Esterifi cation Side Reactions on Asp/Glu During Peptidyl Resin Cleavage and Product Purifi cation 8.2 Side Reactions on Ser/Thr Side Chain Hydroxyl Groups 8.2.1 Alkylation Side Reactions on Ser/Thr Side Chain Hydroxyl Groups 8.2.2 Acylation Side Reactions on Ser/Thr Side Chain Hydroxyl Groups 8.2.3 Elimination Side Reactions on Ser/Thr 8.2.4 N-Terminal Ser/Thr-Induced Oxazolidone Formation Side Reactions 8.2.5 Ser/Thr-Induced Retro Aldol Cleavage Side Reaction 214 References 9 Peptide Odation/Reduction Side 9.1 Odation Side Reactions on Cys 9.2 Odation Side Reactions on Met 9.3 Odation Side Reactions on Trp 9.4 Odation Side Reactions on Other Amino Acids and at Nonsynthetic Steps 9.5 Peptide Reduction Side Reactions References 10 Redundant Amino Acid Coupling Side 10.1 Dipeptide Formation During Amino Acid N-Fmoc Derivatization 10.2 Redundant Amino Acid Coupling via Premature Fmoc Deprotection 10.2.1 Lys-Nε-Induced Fmoc Premature Cleavage 10.2.2 N-Proline-Induced Fmoc Premature Cleavage 10.2.3 DMF/NMP-Induced Fmoc Premature Cleavage 10.2.4 Residual Piperidine-Induced Fmoc Premature Cleavage 10.2.5 DMAP/DIEA-Induced Fmoc Premature Cleavage 10.2.6 Hydrogenation-Induced Fmoc Premature Cleavage 10.2.7 Fmoc Deblocking in the Starting Material 10.3 Redundant Amino Acid Coupling Induced by NCA Formation 10.4 His-Nim Promoted Gly Redundant Incorporation 10.5 Redundant Coupling Induced by the Undesired Amino Acid-CTC Resin Cleavage 10.6 Redundant Amino Acid Coupling Induced by Insuffi cient Resin Rinsing 10.7 Redundant Amino Acid Coupling Induced by Overacylation Side Reaction References 11 Peptide Rac 11.1 Peptide Racemization Mechanism 11.1.1 Peptide Racemization via Oxazol-5(4H)-one Formation 11.1.2 Peptide Racemization via Enolate Formation 11.1.3 Peptide Racemization via Direct H Abstraction 11.1.4 Peptide Racemization via Aspartimide Formation 11.1.5 Acid-Catalyzed Peptide Racemization 11.2 Racemization in Peptide Synthesis 11.2.1 Amino Acids with a High Tendency of Racemization in Peptide Synthesis 11.2.2 DMAP-Induced Racemization 11.2.3 Microwave Irradiation-Induced Racemization 11.2.4 Racemization During Peptide Segment Condensation 11.3 Strategies to Suppress Racemization in Peptide Synthesis 11.3.1 Amino Acid N-Protecting Group 11.3.2 Amino Acid Side Chain Protecting Group 11.3.3 Coupling Reagent 11.3.4 Coupling Tactics 11.3.5 Solvent 11.3.6 Base 11.3.7 Amino Acid Activation Mode 11.3.8 Temperature 11.3.9 Cu(II) Salt Additive 287 References 12 Side Reactions in Peptide Phosph 12.1 Formation of H-Phosphonate Side Product 12.2 Formation of Pyrophosphate Side Product 296 References 13 Cys Disulfide-Related Side Reactions in Peptide 13.1 Disulfide Scrambling via Thiol-Disulfi de Exchange 13.2 Disulfide Degradation and Consequent Trisulfi de and Lanthionine Formation 13.2.1 Disulfi de Degradation Pattern 13.2.2 Trisulfi de Formation 13.2.3 Lanthionine Formation References 14 Solvent-Induced Side Reactions in Peptide 14.1 DCM-Induced Side Reaction 14.2 DMF-Induced Side Reaction 14.2.1 DMF-Induced N-Formylpiperidine Formation 14.2.2 DMF-Induced Formylation Side Reactions 14.2.3 DMF-Induced Acid Chloride Formation Side Reactions 14.3 Methanol/Ethanol-Induced Side Reactions 14.3.1 Methanol-Induced Esterifi cation Side Reactions 14.3.2 Methanol-Induced N-Alkylation Side Reactions in Catalytic Hydrogenation 14.4 Acetonitrile-Induced Side Reaction 14.5 Acetone-Induced Side Reaction 14.6 MTBE-Induced Side Reaction 14.7 TFE-Induced Side Reaction References Appendix Molecular Weight Deviation of Impurity Appendix II List of Abbreviations Subject Index 作者介绍
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