◆ Knowledge Learning Objectives知识学习目标 ◆ To understand the role of warehousing To know the warehouse activities To learn inventory management
◆ Skill Developing Objectives技能培养目标 ◆ Communication skill in introducing the warehouse Writing skill in introducing the warehouse Communication skill in the inventory situation Communication skill in the inventory goal
Ⅰ. Warehouse Operation 1. Role of Warehousing (仓储的角色) Warehousing plays a key role in integrated logistics strategy and in building and maintaining good relationship between supply chain partners. Warehousing affects customer service level, sales and marketing success. Warehousing can link the production facility and the consumer, or supplier and production facility. Warehousing supports production by consolidating inbound materials and distributing them to the production facility at the appropriate time. Warehousing also helps marketing to serve current customers and expand into new markets. The warehouse is a point in the logistics system where a firm stores or holds raw materials, semifinished goods, or finished goods for varying periods of time. Holding goods in a warehouse stops or interrupts the flow of goods, adding cost to the product or products. 2. Main Components of Warehousing (仓储的构成要素) The three basic components of warehousing are warehouse, equipment, and people. Space allows for the storage of goods when demand and supply are unequal. Space affects not only warehousing decisions but also the design of a logistics system. Warehouse equipment includes materials handling, storage racks and conveyor equipment. The equipment helps in product movement, storage, and tracking. People are the most critical component of warehousing. Space and equipment mean nothing without competent people. The objective is to efficiently receive inventory, possibly store it until required by the market, assemble it into complete orders, and initiate movement to customers. This emphasis on product flow renders a modern warehouse as a mixing facility. As such, a great deal of managerial attention concerns how to perform storage to facilitate efficient materials handling. 3. Types of Warehouses (仓库的类型) The warehouse is usually divided into private warehouse, public warehouse and contract warehousing.
The private warehouse is owned by the firm using it. Private warehouses provide more control since the firm has decisionmaking authority over all activities in the warehouse. The public warehouse is essentially the space that can be leased to solve shortterm distribution needs. Using public warehouses offers more flexibility for the users since it requires no capital investment on the users part. For many years, firms had two choices with respect to warehousing — public and private. But more recently, contract warehousing (also referred to as thirdparty warehousing) has emerged as another warehousing alternative. Contract warehousing is a long term, mutually beneficial arrangement which provides unique and specially warehousing and logistics services for one customer. 4. Warehousing Activities(仓储活动) Warehousing activity is an important link between the producer and the customer. Warehousing activities involve receiving, transfer, storage, picking and shipping. Receiving may take place in railway station, dock, warehouse and so on. Transfer involves physical movement of the goods into the warehouse for storage, movement to areas for the specialized such as consolidation, and movement to outbound shipment. Storage is a primary function of warehouse. Goods should be stored in areas with right conditions. Picking is conducted after orders are translated into picking slips in many instances. Shipping is the last step. After properly packed and checked on against delivery note, the products should be transferred to staging area and loaded on carrier equipment for transportation. 5. The Function of Warehousing(仓储的功能) The warehouse serves several valueadding roles in a logistics system. Companies will sometimes face lessthantruckload (LTL) shipments of raw materials and finished goods. Shipping goods long distances at LTL rates is more costly than shipping at full truckload or carload rates. By moving the LTL amounts relatively short distances to or from a warehouse, warehousing can allow a firm to consolidate smaller shipments into a large shipment (a carload or truckload) with significant transportation savings. For the inbound logistics system, the warehouse would consolidate different suppliers LTL shipments and ship a volume shipment to the firms plant. For the outbound logistics system, the warehouse would receive a consolidated volume shipment from various plants and ship LTL shipments to different markets. New Words and Phrases integrated [5intigreitid] adj. 整体的,综合的
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