Optics is the branch of physics which involves the behavior and properties of light, including its interactions with matter and the construction of instruments that use or detect it. Optics usually describes the behavior of visible, ultraviolet, and infrared light. Because light is an electromagnetic wave, other forms of electromagnetic radiation such as X-rays, microwaves, and radio waves exhibit similar properties. Optical science is relevant to and studied in many related disciplines including astronomy, various engineering fields, photography, and medicine (particularly ophthalmology and optometry). Practical applications of optics are found in a variety of technologies and everyday objects, including mirrors, lenses, telescopes, microscopes, lasers, and ber optics. Optics & Optical Science Engineering & Fundamentals covers on theory and applications of optical science. First chapter focuses on high power optics and its new manifestations. In second chapter, we demonstrate an SOH Mach–Zehnder modulator with unprecedented e ciency: the 1-mm-long device consumes only 0.7 fJ bit-1 to generate a 12.5 Gbit s-1 data stream with a bit-error ratio below the threshold for hard-decision forward-error correction. In third chapter, we review recent developments in adaptive microscopy, including methods and applications. A range of advances in di erent microscope modalities is covered and prospects for the future are discussed. In fourth chapter, we report a novel soft di ractive micro-optics, called ‘microscale kinoform phase-type lens (micro-KPL)’, which is fabricated by femtosecond laser direct writing (FsLDW) using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as building blocks and exible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) slices as substrates. Fifth chapter proposes theoretically and demonstrate experi?mentally in the visible wavelength range that the photonic AB e ect can arise through the photon–phonon interaction within acousto-optic crystals, which introduce nonreciprocal phases to the photons in the visible range travelling in two opposite directions. Development of optical ber-based daylighting system and its comparison is presented in sixth chapter. Seventh chapter provides an overview of the historical background of the topic, along with the basic concepts and parameters of optical antennas. In eighth chapter, we demonstrate a ber optic ammonia sensor based on a universal pH indicator. Development of a novel two dimensional surface plasmon resonance sensor using multiplied beam splitting optics is highlighted in ninth chapter and development and application of integrated optical sensors for intense e-field measurement is presented in tenth chapter. In eleventh chapter, we propose a novel framework of IR image enhancement based on the information from electro-optic images, which improves the resolution of IR images and helps us distinguish objects at night. Twelfth chapter provides a review of the main optical NDT technologies, including bre optics, electronic speckle, infrared thermography, and terahertz technology. In thirteenth chapter, a novel fabrication method for surface-enhanced Raman scat?tering (SERS) sensors that used a fast femtosecond (fs) laser scanning process to etch uniform patterns and structures on the endface of a fused silica optical ber, which is then coated with a thin layer of silver through thermal evaporation is presented. Fourteenth chapter presents results from an investigation on a special optical ber as a load sensor for application in Weigh-in-Motion (WIM) systems to measure wheel loads of vehicles traveling at normal speed on highways. The purpose of fteenth chapter is to unite four approaches to wave and statistical optics in a single theory, modern optics. In last chapter, we present a review of the recent advancements in nanophotonics- enabled optical storage techniques.
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