This book develops an integrated theory that encompasses the various stress states experienced by concrete structures; bending, axial load, shear and torsion. Upon synthesis, the new rational theories should replace the many empirical formulas currently in use for shear, torsion and membrane stress. The unified theory is divided into six model components based on the fundamental principles employed and the degree of adherence to the rigorous principles of mechanics of materials. The six models are: (1) the struts-and-ties model, (2) the equilibrium (plasticity) truss model, (3) the Bernoulli compatibility truss model, (4) the Mohr compatibility truss model, (5) the softened truss model, and (6) the softened membrane model. In this book the six models are presented as rational tools for the solution of the four basic types of stress: bending, axial load, and particularly, the 2-D shear and the 3-D torsion. Both the four basic actions and the six model components of unified theory are presented in a systematic manner, focusing on the significance of their intrinsic consistencies and their inter-relationships. Because of its inherent rationality, this unified theory of reinforced concrete can serve as the basis for the formulation of a universal and international design code.
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