精彩内容 For the purpose of realizing thermal stress distributions and the interfacial ERR in TSVs, a 3D finite-element model of a symmetric single in-line TSV is constructed to be simulated. Two kinds of horizontal cracks that embed in the interface of SiO2 passivation and the Cu seed layer (Cu pad and TSV wall delamination cases) are also introduced to estimate the interfacial ERR by using a MVCC technique [15-17]. All the material properties are assumed to be linear elastic except for Cu TSVs which are treated as nonlinear materials to have precisely thermal stresses in this test vehicle. To capture the most important geometric parameters in TSVs, the design of experiment (DOE)analysis is employed to emphasize the significance of crack length,TSV diameter, TSV pitch, depth of TSV, SiO2 thickness, and Cu seed-layer thickness. The proposed results will be useful if design optimization for keeping the delamination off of TSVs in 3D IC integration is needed.
3.3.2 Nonlinear Thermal Stress Analyses for TSVs
Because thermal effects are always seen in 3D IC integration and have a prominent influence not only on temperature distribution but also on stress distribution, the problems of thermal-induced stress become critical reliability issues in the industry. For the sake of examining thermal stress distributions in TSV structures in 3D IC integration, 3D finite-element modeling (FEM) with the computational finite-element software ANSYS is employed. An electroplated copper TSV (EP-Cu TSV) is simulated to evaluate the thermal stress distribution and interfacial delamination behavior. The EP-Cu TSV FEM is designed as a TSV blanketed with an SiO2 passivation layer and filled with EP-Cu, which is sputtered Cu as a seed layer covered on SiO2. Figure 3.10 shows a schematic of a symmetric single in-line TSV and Fig
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