西域道教

这是一片广袤的土地，位于中国版图的西北偏北区域，被称为亚洲的枢纽。两千多年前，西汉的使者张骞，肩负国家使命，两度出使这一地区，后来人们沿用司马迁对这一区域的称谓——西域，即我国西部及其以西的广大地区。

秦汉之际，我国北方游牧民族匈奴强大起来，控制了西域地区，对西域诸民族进行残酷剥削。与此同时，汉帝国北面的匈奴游牧政权时常南下中原，迫使汉高祖刘邦签订了城下之盟。经过汉初的休养生息，到了汉武帝时期，西汉王朝国力强盛起来，开始大规模反击匈奴，并取得了军事上的胜利，匈奴在内外交困中陷入分裂状态。

公元前60年，西汉政府正式在乌垒城（今新疆维吾尔自治区轮台县东）设立西域都护府，对西域诸国进行行政管辖，自此“汉之号令班西域矣”。西域都护府的设立，标志着新疆正式列入汉朝版图，成为我国领土中不可分割的一部分。大唐盛世时，唐王朝在西域设立了安西都护府和北庭都护府，对西域的管辖进一步加强。

历史的车轮驻足在光绪十年十月初二，即公元1884 年11 月19 日。这一天，清廷颁布了一道人事任免的谕旨，任命刘锦棠为新疆巡抚，他就此成为新疆历史上*位巡抚。也就是在这一天，清政府以“故土新归”之意，为这块被外族入侵十余年的中国领土起了一个新名字——新疆。

新疆，是丝绸之路上的一个重要枢纽。而产生于汉代的道教，从长安出发，穿越平原黄沙，沿着丝绸古道，伴着阵阵驼铃声，一路向西而行……

西域道教是道教研究的一个薄弱环节，开展道教地方史研究是道教研究的一个重要方面。《戈壁玄风：西域道教》一书以道教向西传播为线索，通过对道教神话传说、道教坛庙、道教人物、道韵新疆以及道之未来的爬梳，勾勒出众神栖落新疆下的西域道教，展示出中国传统文化在边疆多民族地区的发展，增强中华文明的凝聚力和影响力。

一 历史的回眸

1 跨越千年的爱情 ···························································3

2 横渡戈壁瀚海的旅程 ························································5

3 乾定西域：清代新疆道教 ···················································13

二 坛庙：心灵的寄托

1 新疆门户 ··································································20

2 天山脚下 ··································································26

3 伊犁河畔···································································48

4 环塔之洲 ··································································57

三 道教人物

1 空谷幽兰：隐者的世界 ···················································64

2 寻常巷陌：城市的生活 ···················································66

3 历史名人与西域道教 ···················································70

4 民国旧事札记 ···························································83

四 道韵新疆

1 人生成长的历程 ···························································88

2 乡土文化的写生 ···························································93

3 模糊的边界 ···························································98

五 道之未来

1 影响近代新疆道教发展的原因探微 ···········································107

2 对未来新疆道教发展的思考 ···········································113

参考文献 ···························································123

新疆古称西域，是东西方文明交流融会的重要地区，也是道教向西发展的重要传播地。道教信仰产生不久，就被往来于丝绸之路的、以汉人为主体的汉文化信仰者带入西域，道教遂在以汉人为主体的生活区域站稳脚跟，并在西域形成一个个大大小小的道教文化中心。与在中原地区的发展一致，道教传入西域后，很快与佛教和儒家思想互相融合，虽未形成如中原道教那种独成体系、博大深远的道教文化，却也以一种和风细雨、润物细无声的方式，在人们的日常生活中悄然产生影响。